XTERM(1) X Window System XTERM(1) NAME xterm - terminal emulator for X SYNOPSIS xterm [-toolkitoption ...] [-option ...] [shell] DESCRIPTION The xterm program is a terminal emulator for the X Window System. It provides DEC VT102/VT220 and selected features from higher-level terminals such as VT320/VT420/VT520 (VTxxx). It also provides Tektronix 4014 emulation for programs that cannot use the window system directly. If the underlying operating system supports terminal resizing capabilities (for example, the SIGWINCH signal in systems derived from 4.3BSD), xterm will use the facilities to notify programs running in the window whenever it is resized. The VTxxx and Tektronix 4014 terminals each have their own window so that you can edit text in one and look at graphics in the other at the same time. To maintain the correct aspect ratio (height/width), Tektronix graphics will be restricted to the largest box with a 4014's aspect ratio that will fit in the window. This box is located in the upper left area of the window. Although both windows may be displayed at the same time, one of them is considered the "active" window for receiving keyboard input and terminal output. This is the window that contains the text cursor. The active window can be chosen through escape sequences, the VT Options menu in the VTxxx window, and the Tek Options menu in the 4014 window. EMULATIONS Xterm provides usable emulations of related DEC terminals: o VT52 emulation is complete. o VT102 emulation is fairly complete, but does not support autorepeat (because that would affect the keyboard used by other X clients). Double-size characters are displayed properly if your font server supports scalable bitmap fonts. o VT220 emulation does not support soft fonts, it is otherwise complete. o VT420 emulation (the default) supports controls for manipulating rectangles of characters as well as left/right margins. Xterm does not support some other features which are not suitable for emulation, e.g., two-sessions. Terminal database (terminfo (5) or termcap (5)) entries that work with xterm include an optional platform-specific entry ("xterm-new"), "xterm", "vt102", "vt100", "ansi" and "dumb" Xterm automatically searches the terminal database in this order for these entries and then sets the "TERM" variable (and the "TERMCAP" environment variable on a few older systems). The alternatives after "xterm" are very old, from the late 1980s. VT100 and VT102 emulations are commonly equated, though they actually differ. The VT102 provided controls for inserting and deleting lines. Similarly, "ansi" and "vt100" are often equated. These are not really the same. For instance, they use different controls for scrolling (but xterm supports both). These features differ in an "ansi" terminal description from xterm: acsc Pseudo-graphics (line-drawing) uses a different mapping. xenl Xterm wraps text at the right margin using the VT100 "newline glitch" behavior. Because of the wrapping behavior, you would occasionally have to repaint the screen when using a text editor with the "ansi" description. You may also use descriptions corresponding to the various supported emulations such as "vt220" or "vt420", but should set the terminal emulation level with the decTerminalID resource. On most systems, xterm will use the terminfo database. Some older systems use termcap. (The "TERMCAP" environment variable is not set if xterm is linked against a terminfo library, since the requisite information is not provided by the termcap emulation of terminfo libraries). Many of the special xterm features may be modified under program control through a set of escape sequences different from the standard VTxxx escape sequences (see Xterm Control Sequences). The Tektronix 4014 emulation is also fairly good. It supports 12-bit graphics addressing, scaled to the window size. Four different font sizes and five different lines types are supported. There is no write- through or defocused mode support. The Tektronix text and graphics commands are recorded internally by xterm and may be written to a file by sending the COPY escape sequence (or through the Tek Options menu; see below). The name of the file will be "COPYyyyy-MM-dd.hh:mm:ss" where yyyy, MM, dd, hh, mm and ss are the year, month, day, hour, minute and second when the COPY was performed (the file is created in the directory xterm is started in, or the home directory for a login xterm). Not all of the features described in this manual are necessarily available in this version of xterm. Some (e.g., the non-VT220 extensions) are available only if they were compiled in, though the most commonly-used are in the default configuration. OTHER FEATURES Xterm automatically highlights the text cursor when the pointer enters the window (selected) and unhighlights it when the pointer leaves the window (unselected). If the window is the focus window, then the text cursor is highlighted no matter where the pointer is. In VTxxx mode, there are escape sequences to activate and deactivate an alternate screen buffer, which is the same size as the display area of the window. When activated, the current screen is saved and replaced with the alternate screen. Saving of lines scrolled off the top of the window is disabled until the normal screen is restored. The usual terminal description for xterm allows the visual editor vi(1) to switch to the alternate screen for editing and to restore the screen on exit. A popup menu entry makes it simple to switch between the normal and alternate screens for cut and paste. In either VTxxx or Tektronix mode, there are escape sequences to change the name of the windows. Additionally, in VTxxx mode, xterm implements the window-manipulation control sequences from dtterm, such as resizing the window, setting its location on the screen. Xterm allows character-based applications to receive mouse events (currently button-press and release events, and button-motion events) as keyboard control sequences. See Xterm Control Sequences for details. OPTIONS Because xterm uses the X Toolkit library, it accepts the standard X Toolkit command line options. Xterm also accepts many application- specific options. By convention, if an option begins with a "+" instead of a "-", the option is restored to its default value. Most of the xterm options are actually parsed by the X Toolkit, which sets resource values, and overrides corresponding resource-settings in your X resource files. Xterm provides the X Toolkit with a table of options. A few of these are marked, telling the X Toolkit to ignore them (-help, -version, -class, -e, and -into). After the X Toolkit has parsed the command-line parameters, it removes those which it handles, leaving the specially-marked parameters for xterm to handle. These options do not set a resource value, and are handled specially: -version This causes xterm to print a version number to the standard output, and then exit. -help This causes xterm to print out a verbose message describing its options, one per line. The message is written to the standard output. After printing the message, xterm exits. Xterm generates this message, sorting it and noting whether a "-option" or a "+option" turns the feature on or off, since some features historically have been one or the other. Xterm generates a concise help message (multiple options per line) when an unknown option is used, e.g., xterm -z If the logic for a particular option such as logging is not compiled into xterm, the help text for that option also is not displayed by the -help option. The -version and -help options are interpreted even if xterm cannot open the display, and are useful for testing and configuration scripts. Along with -class, they are checked before other options. To do this, xterm has its own (much simpler) argument parser, along with a table of the X Toolkit's built-in list of options. Relying upon the X Toolkit to parse the options and associated values has the advantages of simplicity and good integration with the X resource mechanism. There are a few drawbacks o Xterm cannot tell easily whether a resource value was set by one of the external resource- or application-defaults files, whether it was set using xrdb(1), or if it was set through the -xrm option or via some directly relevant command-line option. Xterm sees only the end-result: a value supplied when creating its widgets. o Xterm does not know the order in which particular options and items in resource files are evaluated. Rather, it sees all of the values for a given widget at the same time. In the design of these options, some are deemed more important, and can override other options. The X Toolkit uses patterns (constants and wildcards) to match resources. Once a particular pattern has been used, it will not modify it. To override a given setting, a more-specific pattern must be used, e.g., replacing "*" with ".". Some poorly-designed resource files are too specific to allow the command-line options to affect the relevant widget values. o In a few cases, the X Toolkit combines its standard options in ways which do not work well with xterm. This happens with the color (-fg, -bg) and reverse (-rv) options. Xterm makes a special case of these and adjusts its sense of "reverse" to lessen user surprise. One parameter (after all options) may be given. That overrides xterm's built-in choice of shell program: o If the parameter is not a relative path, i.e., beginning with "./" or "../", xterm looks for the file in the user's PATH. In either case, this check fails if xterm cannot construct an absolute path. o If that check fails (or if no such parameter is given), xterm next checks the "SHELL" variable. If that specifies an executable file, xterm will attempt to start that. However, xterm additionally checks if it is a valid shell, and will unset "SHELL" if it is not. o If "SHELL" is not set to an executable file, xterm tries to use the shell program specified in the user's password file entry. As before, xterm verifies if this is a valid shell. o Finally, if the password file entry does not specify a valid shell, xterm uses /bin/sh. The -e option cannot be used with this parameter since it uses all parameters following the option. Xterm validates shell programs by finding their pathname in the text file /etc/shells. It treats the environment variable "SHELL" specially because (like "TERM"), xterm both reads and updates the variable, and because the program started by xterm is not necessarily a shell. The other options are used to control the appearance and behavior. Not all options are necessarily configured into your copy of xterm: -132 Normally, the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence that switches between 80 and 132 column mode is ignored. This option causes the DECCOLM escape sequence to be recognized, and the xterm window will resize appropriately. -ah This option indicates that xterm should always highlight the text cursor. By default, xterm will display a hollow text cursor whenever the focus is lost or the pointer leaves the window. +ah This option indicates that xterm should do text cursor highlighting based on focus. -ai This option disables active icon support if that feature was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent to setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to "false". +ai This option enables active icon support if that feature was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent to setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to "true". -aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should be allowed, and is equivalent to setting the vt100 resource autoWrap to "true". Auto-wraparound allows the cursor to automatically wrap to the beginning of the next line when it is at the rightmost position of a line and text is output. +aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should not be allowed, and is equivalent to setting the vt100 resource autoWrap to "false". -b number This option specifies the size of the inner border (the distance between the outer edge of the characters and the window border) in pixels. That is the vt100 internalBorder resource. The default is "2". -barc This option, corresponding to the cursorBar resource, makes the cursor a bar instead of a box. +barc This option, corresponding to the cursorBar resource, makes the cursor a box instead of a bar. -baudrate number Set the line-speed, used to test the behavior of applications that use the line-speed when optimizing their output to the screen. The default is "38400". -bc Turn on text cursor blinking. This overrides the cursorBlink resource. +bc Turn off text cursor blinking. This overrides the cursorBlink resource. -bcf milliseconds Set the amount of time text cursor is off when blinking via the cursorOffTime resource. -bcn milliseconds Set the amount of time text cursor is on when blinking via the cursorOnTime resource. -bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to "false", disabling the display of characters with bold attribute as color. +bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to "true", enabling the display of characters with bold attribute as color rather than bold. -cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to "false". +cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to "true". -cc characterclassrange:value[, ...] This sets classes indicated by the given ranges for using in selecting by words (see CHARACTER CLASSES and the charClass resource). -cjk_width Set the cjkWidth resource to "true". When turned on, characters with East Asian Ambiguous (A) category in UTR 11 have a column width of 2. Otherwise, they have a column width of 1. This may be useful for some legacy CJK text terminal- based programs assuming box drawings and others to have a column width of 2. It also should be turned on when you specify a TrueType CJK double-width (bi-width/monospace) font either with -fa at the command line or faceName resource. The default is "false" +cjk_width Reset the cjkWidth resource. -class string This option allows you to override xterm's resource class. Normally it is "XTerm", but can be set to another class such as "UXTerm" to override selected resources. X Toolkit sets the WM_CLASS property using the instance name and this class value. -cm This option disables recognition of ANSI color-change escape sequences. It sets the colorMode resource to "false". +cm This option enables recognition of ANSI color-change escape sequences. This is the same as the vt100 resource colorMode. -cn This option indicates that newlines should not be cut in line- mode selections. It sets the cutNewline resource to "false". +cn This option indicates that newlines should be cut in line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline resource to "true". -cr color This option specifies the color to use for text cursor. The default is to use the same foreground color that is used for text. It sets the cursorColor resource according to the parameter. -cu This option indicates that xterm should work around a bug in the more(1) program that causes it to incorrectly display lines that are exactly the width of the window and are followed by a line beginning with a tab (the leading tabs are not displayed). This option is so named because it was originally thought to be a bug in the curses(3x) cursor motion package. +cu This option indicates that xterm should not work around the more(1) bug mentioned above. -dc This option disables the escape sequence to change dynamic colors: the vt100 foreground and background colors, its text cursor color, the pointer cursor foreground and background colors, the Tektronix emulator foreground and background colors, its text cursor color and highlight color. The option sets the dynamicColors option to "false". +dc This option enables the escape sequence to change dynamic colors. The option sets the dynamicColors option to "true". -e program [ arguments ... ] This option specifies the program (and its command line arguments) to be run in the xterm window. It also sets the window title and icon name to be the basename of the program being executed if neither -T nor -n are given on the command line. NOTE: This must be the last option on the command line. -en encoding This option determines the encoding on which xterm runs. It sets the locale resource. Encodings other than UTF-8 are supported by using luit. The -lc option should be used instead of -en for systems with locale support. -fa pattern This option sets the pattern for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm. This corresponds to the faceName resource. When a CJK double-width font is specified, you also need to turn on the cjkWidth resource. If you specify both -fa and the X Toolkit option -fn, the -fa setting overrides the latter. See also the renderFont resource, which combines with this to determine whether FreeType fonts are initially active. -fb font This option specifies a font to be used when displaying bold text. It sets the boldFont resource. This font must be the same height and width as the normal font, otherwise it is ignored. If only one of the normal or bold fonts is specified, it will be used as the normal font and the bold font will be produced by overstriking this font. See also the discussion of boldMode and alwaysBoldMode resources. -fbb This option indicates that xterm should compare normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they are compatible. It sets the freeBoldBox resource to "false". +fbb This option indicates that xterm should not compare normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they are compatible. It sets the freeBoldBox resource to "true". -fbx This option indicates that xterm should not assume that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters. If any are missing, xterm will draw the characters directly. It sets the forceBoxChars resource to "false". +fbx This option indicates that xterm should assume that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters. It sets the forceBoxChars resource to "true". -fc fontchoice Specify the initial font chosen from the font menu. The option value corresponds to the initialFont resource. -fd pattern This option sets the pattern for double-width fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm. This corresponds to the faceNameDoublesize resource. -fi font This option sets the font for active icons if that feature was compiled into xterm. See also the discussion of the iconFont resource. -fs size This option sets the pointsize for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm. This corresponds to the faceSize resource. -fullscreen This option indicates that xterm should ask the window manager to let it use the full-screen for display, e.g., without window decorations. It sets the fullscreen resource to "true". +fullscreen This option indicates that xterm should not ask the window manager to let it use the full-screen for display. It sets the fullscreen resource to "false". -fw font This option specifies the font to be used for displaying wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font that will be used to draw normal text. If no double-width font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the normal font. This corresponds to the wideFont resource. -fwb font This option specifies the font to be used for displaying bold wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font that will be used to draw bold text. If no double-width font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the bold font. This corresponds to the wideBoldFont resource. -fx font This option specifies the font to be used for displaying the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot" input method. See also the discussion of the ximFont resource. -hc color (see -selbg). -hf This option indicates that HP function key escape codes should be generated for function keys. It sets the hpFunctionKeys resource to "true". +hf This option indicates that HP function key escape codes should not be generated for function keys. It sets the hpFunctionKeys resource to "false". -hm Tells xterm to use highlightTextColor and highlightColor to override the reversed foreground/background colors in a selection. It sets the highlightColorMode resource to "true". +hm Tells xterm not to use highlightTextColor and highlightColor to override the reversed foreground/background colors in a selection. It sets the highlightColorMode resource to "false". -hold Turn on the hold resource, i.e., xterm will not immediately destroy its window when the shell command completes. It will wait until you use the window manager to destroy/kill the window, or if you use the menu entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP or KILL. +hold Turn off the hold resource, i.e., xterm will immediately destroy its window when the shell command completes. -ie Turn on the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., use the pseudo- terminal's sense of the stty(1) erase value. +ie Turn off the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., set the stty erase value using the kb string from the termcap entry as a reference, if available. -im Turn on the useInsertMode resource, which forces use of insert mode by adding appropriate entries to the TERMCAP environment variable. (This option is ignored on most systems, because TERMCAP is not used). +im Turn off the useInsertMode resource. -into windowId Given an X window identifier (an integer, which can be hexadecimal, octal or decimal according to whether it begins with "0x", "0" or neither), xterm will reparent its top-level shell widget to that window. This is used to embed xterm within other applications. For instance, there are scripts for Tcl/Tk and Gtk which can be used to demonstrate the feature. When using Gtk, there is a limitation of that toolkit which requires that xterm's allowSendEvents resource is enabled. -itc Set the vt100 resource colorITMode to "false", disabling the display of characters with italic attribute as color. +itc Set the vt100 resource colorITMode to "true", enabling the display of characters with italic attribute as color rather than italic. -j This option indicates that xterm should do jump scrolling. It corresponds to the jumpScroll resource. Normally, text is scrolled one line at a time; this option allows xterm to move multiple lines at a time so that it does not fall as far behind. Its use is strongly recommended since it makes xterm much faster when scanning through large amounts of text. The VT100 escape sequences for enabling and disabling smooth scroll as well as the VT Options menu can be used to turn this feature on or off. +j This option indicates that xterm should not do jump scrolling. -jf When doing jump-scrolling or related indexing, e.g., carriage returns, xterm will defer flushing screen-updates, to improve speed. This corresponds to the fastScroll resource. +jf When doing jump-scrolling or related indexing, e.g., carriage returns, xterm will not defer flushing screen-updates, to improve speed. This corresponds to the fastScroll resource. -k8 This option sets the allowC1Printable resource. When allowC1Printable is set, xterm overrides the mapping of C1 control characters (code 128-159) to treat them as printable. +k8 This option resets the allowC1Printable resource. -kt keyboardtype This option sets the keyboardType resource. Possible values include: "unknown", "default", "legacy", "hp", "sco", "sun", "tcap" and "vt220". The value "unknown", causes the corresponding resource to be ignored. The value "default", suppresses the associated resources hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sunFunctionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys, oldXtermFKeys and sunKeyboard, using the Sun/PC keyboard layout. -l Turn logging on, unless disabled by the logInhibit resource. Some versions of xterm may have logging enabled. However, normally logging is not supported, due to security concerns in the early 1990s. That was a problem in X11R4 xterm (1989) which was addressed by a patch to X11R5 late in 1993. X11R6 included these fixes. The older version (when running with root privilege) would create the log file using root privilege. The reason why xterm ran with root privileges was to open pseudo-terminals. Those privileges are now needed only on very old systems: Unix98 pseudo-terminals made the BSD scheme unnecessary. Unless overridden by the -lf option or the logFile resource: o If the filename is "-", then logging is sent to the standard output. o Otherwise a filename is generated, and the log file is written to the directory from which xterm is invoked. o The generated filename is of the form XtermLog.XXXXXX or Xterm.log.hostname.yyyy.mm.dd.hh.mm.ss.XXXXXX depending on how xterm was built. +l Turn logging off. -lc Turn on support of various encodings according to the users' locale setting, i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG environment variables. This is achieved by turning on UTF-8 mode and by invoking luit for conversion between locale encodings and UTF-8. (luit is not invoked in UTF-8 locales.) This corresponds to the locale resource. The actual list of encodings which are supported is determined by luit. Consult the luit manual page for further details. See also the discussion of the -u8 option which supports UTF-8 locales. +lc Turn off support of automatic selection of locale encodings. Conventional 8bit mode or, in UTF-8 locales or with -u8 option, UTF-8 mode will be used. -lcc path File name for the encoding converter from/to locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used with -lc option or locale resource. This corresponds to the localeFilter resource. -leftbar Force scrollbar to the left side of VT100 screen. This is the default, unless you have set the rightScrollBar resource. -lf filename Specify the log filename. This sets the logFile resource. If set to "-", xterm writes its log to the standard output. See the -l option. -ls This option indicates that the shell that is started in the xterm window will be a login shell (i.e., the first character of argv[0] will be a dash, indicating to the shell that it should read the user's .login or .profile). The -ls flag and the loginShell resource are ignored if -e is also given, because xterm does not know how to make the shell start the given command after whatever it does when it is a login shell - the user's shell of choice need not be a Bourne shell after all. Also, xterm -e is supposed to provide a consistent functionality for other applications that need to start text-mode programs in a window, and if loginShell were not ignored, the result of ~/.profile might interfere with that. If you do want the effect of -ls and -e simultaneously, you may get away with something like xterm -e /bin/bash -l -c "my command here" Finally, -ls is not completely ignored, because xterm -ls -e does write a wtmp entry (if configured to do so), whereas xterm -e does not. +ls This option indicates that the shell that is started should not be a login shell (i.e., it will be a normal "subshell"). -maximized This option indicates that xterm should ask the window manager to maximize its layout on startup. This corresponds to the maximized resource. Maximizing is not the reverse of iconifying; it is possible to do both with certain window managers. +maximized This option indicates that xterm should ask the window manager to not maximize its layout on startup. -mb This option indicates that xterm should ring a margin bell when the user types near the right end of a line. +mb This option indicates that margin bell should not be rung. -mc milliseconds This option specifies the maximum time between multi-click selections. -mesg Turn off the messages resource, i.e., disallow write access to the terminal. +mesg Turn on the messages resource, i.e., allow write access to the terminal. -mk_width Set the mkWidth resource to "true". This makes xterm use a built-in version of the wide-character width calculation. The default is "false" +mk_width Reset the mkWidth resource. -ms color This option specifies the color to be used for the pointer cursor. The default is to use the foreground color. This sets the pointerColor resource. -nb number This option specifies the number of characters from the right end of a line at which the margin bell, if enabled, will ring. The default is "10". -nomap This option disables the initial mapping of the terminal window. Mapping an X window makes it visible if it is managed. The default is "false" because xterm's window is normally displayed on startup. After startup, an unmapped xterm window can be mapped by identifying its window-id, e.g., using xwininfo(1) or xlsclients(1), and then employing another program such as xdotool(1) to ask the window manager to make it visible. If the xterm window is visible (i.e., mapped), xterm's menus and actions (i.e., set-visibility) allow one to select whether the VT100 or Tek4014 windows should be displayed. +nomap This option enables the initial mapping of the terminal window. This is the default behavior. -nul This option disables the display of underlining. +nul This option enables the display of underlining. -pc This option enables the PC-style use of bold colors (see boldColors resource). +pc This option disables the PC-style use of bold colors. -pf font This option specifies the font to be used for the pointer. The corresponding resource name is pointerFont. The resource value default is cursor. -pob This option indicates that the window should be raised whenever a Control-G is received. +pob This option indicates that the window should not be raised whenever a Control-G is received. -report-charclass Print a report to the standard output showing information about the character-classes which can be altered using the charClass resource. -report-colors Print a report to the standard output showing information about colors as xterm allocates them. This corresponds to the reportColors resource. -report-fonts Print a report to the standard output showing information about fonts which are loaded. This corresponds to the reportFonts resource. -report-icons Print a report to the standard output showing information about pixmap-icons which are loaded. This corresponds to the reportIcons resource. -report-xres Print a report to the standard output showing the values of boolean, numeric or string X resources for the VT100 widget when initialization is complete. This corresponds to the reportXRes resource. -rightbar Force scrollbar to the right side of VT100 screen. -rvc This option disables the display of characters with reverse attribute as color. +rvc This option enables the display of characters with reverse attribute as color. -rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should be allowed. This allows the cursor to back up from the leftmost column of one line to the rightmost column of the previous line. This is very useful for editing long shell command lines and is encouraged. This option can be turned on and off from the VT Options menu. +rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should not be allowed. -s This option indicates that xterm may scroll asynchronously, meaning that the screen does not have to be kept completely up to date while scrolling. This allows xterm to run faster when network latencies are very high and is typically useful when running across a very large internet or many gateways. +s This option indicates that xterm should scroll synchronously. -samename Does not send title and icon name change requests when the request would have no effect: the name is not changed. This has the advantage of preventing flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra round trip to the server to find out the previous value. In practice this should never be a problem. +samename Always send title and icon name change requests. -sb This option indicates that some number of lines that are scrolled off the top of the window should be saved and that a scrollbar should be displayed so that those lines can be viewed. This option may be turned on and off from the VT Options menu. +sb This option indicates that a scrollbar should not be displayed. -selbg color This option specifies the color to use for the background of selected text. If not specified, reverse video is used. See the discussion of the highlightColor resource. -selfg color This option specifies the color to use for selected text. If not specified, reverse video is used. See the discussion of the highlightTextColor resource. -sf This option indicates that Sun function key escape codes should be generated for function keys. +sf This option indicates that the standard escape codes should be generated for function keys. -sh number scale line-height values by the given number. See the discussion of the scaleHeight resource. -si This option indicates that output to a window should not automatically reposition the screen to the bottom of the scrolling region. This option can be turned on and off from the VT Options menu. +si This option indicates that output to a window should cause it to scroll to the bottom. -sk This option indicates that pressing a key while using the scrollbar to review previous lines of text should cause the window to be repositioned automatically in the normal position at the bottom of the scroll region. +sk This option indicates that pressing a key while using the scrollbar should not cause the window to be repositioned. -sl number This option specifies the number of lines to save that have been scrolled off the top of the screen. This corresponds to the saveLines resource. The default is "1024". -sm This option, corresponding to the sessionMgt resource, indicates that xterm should set up session manager callbacks. +sm This option indicates that xterm should not set up session manager callbacks. -sp This option indicates that Sun/PC keyboard should be assumed, providing mapping for keypad "+" to ",", and CTRL-F1 to F13, CTRL-F2 to F14, etc. +sp This option indicates that the standard escape codes should be generated for keypad and function keys. -t This option indicates that xterm should start in Tektronix mode, rather than in VTxxx mode. Switching between the two windows is done using the "Options" menus. Terminal database (terminfo (5) or termcap (5)) entries that work with xterm are: "tek4014", "tek4015", "tek4012", "tek4013", "tek4010", and "dumb". Xterm automatically searches the terminal database in this order for these entries and then sets the "TERM" variable (and the "TERMCAP" environment variable, if relevant). +t This option indicates that xterm should start in VTxxx mode. -tb This option, corresponding to the toolBar resource, indicates that xterm should display a toolbar (or menubar) at the top of its window. The buttons in the toolbar correspond to the popup menus, e.g., control/left/mouse for Main Options. +tb This option indicates that xterm should not set up a toolbar. -ti term_id Specify the name used by xterm to select the correct response to terminal ID queries. It also specifies the emulation level, used to determine the type of response to a DA control sequence. Valid values include vt52, vt100, vt101, vt102, vt220, and vt240 (the "vt" is optional). The default is "vt420". The term_id argument specifies the terminal ID to use. (This is the same as the decTerminalID resource). -tm string This option specifies a series of terminal setting keywords followed by the characters that should be bound to those functions, similar to the stty(1) program. The keywords and their values are described in detail in the ttyModes resource. -tn name This option specifies the name of the terminal type to be set in the TERM environment variable. It corresponds to the termName resource. This terminal type must exist in the terminal database (termcap or terminfo, depending on how xterm is built) and should have li# and co# entries. If the terminal type is not found, xterm uses the built-in list "xterm", "vt102", etc. -u8 This option sets the utf8 resource. When utf8 is set, xterm interprets incoming data as UTF-8. This sets the wideChars resource as a side-effect, but the UTF-8 mode set by this option prevents it from being turned off. If you must turn UTF-8 encoding on and off, use the -wc option or the corresponding wideChars resource, rather than the -u8 option. This option and the utf8 resource are overridden by the -lc and -en options and locale resource. That is, if xterm has been compiled to support luit, and the locale resource is not "false" this option is ignored. We recommend using the -lc option or the "locale: true" resource in UTF-8 locales when your operating system supports locale, or -en UTF-8 option or the "locale: UTF-8" resource when your operating system does not support locale. +u8 This option resets the utf8 resource. -uc This option, corresponding to the cursorUnderLine resource, makes the cursor underlined instead of a box. +uc This option m, corresponding to the cursorUnderLine resource, makes the cursor a box instead of underlined. -ulc This option disables the display of characters with underline attribute as color rather than with underlining. +ulc This option enables the display of characters with underline attribute as color rather than with underlining. -ulit This option, corresponding to the italicULMode resource, disables the display of characters with underline attribute as italics rather than with underlining. +ulit This option, corresponding to the italicULMode resource, enables the display of characters with underline attribute as italics rather than with underlining. -ut This option indicates that xterm should not write a record into the system utmp log file. +ut This option indicates that xterm should write a record into the system utmp log file. -vb This option indicates that a visual bell is preferred over an audible one. Instead of ringing the terminal bell whenever a Control-G is received, the window will be flashed. +vb This option indicates that a visual bell should not be used. -wc This option sets the wideChars resource. When wideChars is set, xterm maintains internal structures for 16-bit characters. If xterm is not started in UTF-8 mode (or if this resource is not set), initially it maintains those structures to support 8-bit characters. Xterm can later be switched, using a menu entry or control sequence, causing it to reallocate those structures to support 16-bit characters. The default is "false". +wc This option resets the wideChars resource. -wf This option indicates that xterm should wait for the window to be mapped the first time before starting the subprocess so that the initial terminal size settings and environment variables are correct. It is the application's responsibility to catch subsequent terminal size changes. +wf This option indicates that xterm should not wait before starting the subprocess. -ziconbeep percent Same as zIconBeep resource. If percent is non-zero, xterms that produce output while iconified will cause an XBell sound at the given volume and have "***" prepended to their icon titles. Most window managers will detect this change immediately, showing you which window has the output. (A similar feature was in x10 xterm.) -C This option indicates that this window should receive console output. This is not supported on all systems. To obtain console output, you must be the owner of the console device, and you must have read and write permission for it. If you are running X under xdm on the console screen you may need to have the session startup and reset programs explicitly change the ownership of the console device in order to get this option to work. -Sccn This option allows xterm to be used as an input and output channel for an existing program and is sometimes used in specialized applications. The option value specifies the last few letters of the name of a pseudo-terminal to use in slave mode, plus the number of the inherited file descriptor. If the option contains a "/" character, that delimits the characters used for the pseudo-terminal name from the file descriptor. Otherwise, exactly two characters are used from the option for the pseudo-terminal name, the remainder is the file descriptor. Examples (the first two are equivalent since the descriptor follows the last "/"): -S/dev/pts/123/45 -S123/45 -Sab34 Note that xterm does not close any file descriptor which it did not open for its own use. It is possible (though probably not portable) to have an application which passes an open file descriptor down to xterm past the initialization or the -S option to a process running in the xterm. Old Options The following command line arguments are provided for compatibility with older versions. They may not be supported in the next release as the X Toolkit provides standard options that accomplish the same task. %geom This option specifies the preferred size and position of the Tektronix window. It is shorthand for specifying the "tekGeometry" resource. #geom This option specifies the preferred position of the icon window. It is shorthand for specifying the "iconGeometry" resource. -T string This option specifies the title for xterm's windows. It is equivalent to -title. -n string This option specifies the icon name for xterm's windows. It is shorthand for specifying the "iconName" resource. Note that this is not the same as the X Toolkit option -name. The default icon name is the application name. If no suitable icon is found, xterm provides a compiled-in pixmap. X Toolkit sets the WM_ICON_NAME property using this value. -r This option indicates that reverse video should be simulated by swapping the foreground and background colors. It is equivalent to -rv. -w number This option specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding the window. It is equivalent to -borderwidth or -bw. X Toolkit Options The following standard X Toolkit command line arguments are commonly used with xterm: -bd color This option specifies the color to use for the border of the window. The corresponding resource name is borderColor. Xterm uses the X Toolkit default, which is "XtDefaultForeground". Xterm's VT100 window has two borders: the inner border internalBorder and the outer border borderWidth, managed by the X Toolkit. Normally xterm fills the inner border using the VT100 window's background color. If the colorInnerBorder resource is enabled, then xterm may fill the inner border using the borderColor resource. -bg color This option specifies the color to use for the background of the window. The corresponding resource name is background. The default is "XtDefaultBackground". -bw number This option specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding the window. This appears to be a legacy of older X releases. It sets the borderWidth resource of the shell widget, and may provide advice to your window manager to set the thickness of the window frame. Most window managers do not use this information. See the -b option, which controls the inner border of the xterm window. -display display This option specifies the X server to contact; see X(7). -fg color This option specifies the color to use for displaying text. The corresponding resource name is foreground. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". -fn font This option specifies the font to be used for displaying normal text. The corresponding resource name is font. The resource value default is fixed. Xterm's -fn option accepts a comma-separated list like -fa, for the VT100 widget, using the first bitmap font (and discarding additional fonts). However, other widgets (such as the toolbar) will be confused by this and give a warning. -font font This is the same as -fn. -geometry geometry This option specifies the preferred size and position of the VTxxx window; see X(7). The normal geometry specification can be suffixed with @ followed by a Xinerama screen specification; it can be either g for the global screen (default), c for the current screen or a screen number. -iconic This option indicates that xterm should ask the window manager to start it as an icon rather than as the normal window. The corresponding resource name is iconic. -name name This option specifies the application name under which resources are to be obtained, rather than the default executable file name. Name should not contain "." or "*" characters. -rv This option indicates that reverse video should be simulated by swapping the foreground and background colors. The corresponding resource name is reverseVideo. +rv Disable the simulation of reverse video by swapping foreground and background colors. -title string This option specifies the window title string, which may be displayed by window managers if the user so chooses. It is shorthand for specifying the "title" resource. The default title is the command line specified after the -e option, if any, otherwise the application name. X Toolkit sets the WM_NAME property using this value. -xrm resourcestring This option specifies a resource string to be used. This is especially useful for setting resources that do not have separate command line options. X Toolkit accepts alternate names for a few of these options, e.g., -background for "-bg" -bordercolor for "-bc" -borderwidth for "-bw" -font for "-fn" -foreground for "-fg" -reverse for "-rv" Abbreviated options also are supported, e.g., "-v" for "-version." RESOURCE CONVERTERS Xterm understands all of the core X Toolkit resource names and classes. It also uses the X Toolkit resource types (such as booleans, colors, fonts, integers, and strings) along with their respective converters. Those resource types are not always sufficient: Extended Booleans X Toolkit boolean resources are useful, but having more than two values helps with configurability. Xterm extends a (normally) boolean resource value by checking for additional values in several cases: activeIcon, cdXtraScroll, cursorBlink, eightBitMeta, renderFont, shiftEscape, tiXtraScroll, utf8, utf8Fonts, and utf8Title Comma-separated Lists Xterm uses comma-separated lists for certain resources which denote features to enable or disable: colorEvents, disallowedColorOps, disallowedFontOps, disallowedMouseOps, disallowedPasteControls, disallowedTcapOps, and disallowedWindowOps X Toolkit resource types do not include lists. Xterm uses a string for the resource, and parses it. o The items in these lists are the features to enable or disable. o List items are names (or decimal integers for disallowedWindowOps). o List items are matched ignoring case. Xterm also allows wildcards in names, i.e., "*" and i.e., "?" as in shell scripts. o Each item can be prefixed with "~" (tilde) to indicate that the feature should be disabled rather than enabled. Xterm also uses comma-separated lists for a few other resources to set up tables. These match names ignoring case, and can be abbreviated but do not support wildcards: eightBitSelectTypes, omitTranslation, and utf8SelectTypes Finally, these resources are comma-separated lists of data: charClass, faceNameDoublesize, faceName, and font Deferred resources Xterm may defer processing a resource until it is needed. For example, font2 through font7 are loaded as needed, to start faster. Again, the actual resource type is a string, parsed and used when needed. RESOURCES Application specific resources (e.g., "XTerm.NAME") follow. Application Resources backarrowKeyIsErase (class BackarrowKeyIsErase) Tie the VTxxx backarrowKey and ptyInitialErase resources together by setting the DECBKM state according to whether the initial erase character is a backspace (8) or delete (127) character. A "false" value disables this feature. The default is "False". Here are tables showing how the initial settings for o backarrowKeyIsErase (BKIE), o backarrowKey (BK), and o ptyInitialErase (PIE), along with the o stty erase character (^H for backspace, ^? for delete) will affect DECBKM. First, xterm obtains the initial erase character: o xterm's internal value is ^H o xterm asks the operating system for the value which stty(1) shows o the ttyModes resource may override erase o if ptyInitialErase is false, xterm will look in the terminal database Summarizing that as a table: PIE stty termcap erase ------------------------------- false ^H ^H ^H false ^H ^? ^? false ^? ^H ^H false ^? ^? ^? true ^H ^H ^H true ^H ^? ^H true ^? ^H ^? true ^? ^? ^? Using that erase character, xterm allows further choices: o if backarrowKeyIsErase is true, xterm uses the erase character for the initial state of DECBKM o if backarrowKeyIsErase is false, xterm sets DECBKM to 2 (internal). This ties together backarrowKey and the control sequence for DECBKM. o applications can send a control sequence to set/reset DECBKM control set o the "Backarrow Key (BS/DEL)" menu entry toggles DECBKM Summarizing the initialization details: erase BKIE BK DECBKM result ---------------------------------------- ^? false false 2 ^H ^? false true 2 ^? ^? true false 0 ^? ^? true true 1 ^? ^H false false 2 ^H ^H false true 2 ^? ^H true false 0 ^H ^H true true 1 ^H buffered (class Buffered) Normally xterm is built with double-buffer support. This resource can be used to turn it on or off. Setting the resource to "true" turns double-buffering on. The default value is "False". bufferedFPS (class BufferedFPS) When xterm is built with double-buffer support, this gives the maximum number of frames/second. The default is "40" and is limited to the range 1 through 100. cursorTheme (class CursorTheme) The Xcursor(7) library provides a way to change the pointer shape and size. The X11 library uses this library to extend the font- and glyph-cursor calls used by applications such as xterm to substitute external files for the built-in "core" cursors provided by X. Xterm uses the pointerShape resource to select the X cursor shape. Most of the available sets of cursor themes provide an incomplete set of "core" cursors (while possibly adding other cursors). Because of this limitation, xterm disables the feature by default. The cursor theme feature can be useful because X cursors are not scalable and on a high-resolution display, the cursors are hard to find. Some of the cursor themes include larger cursors to work around this limitation: o The default core cursors are 8x8 pixels; o Some cursor themes include cursors up to the X server limit of 64x64 pixels. The default value is "none". Other values (including "default") are passed to the Xcursor library to select a cursor theme, by setting the XCURSOR_THEME environment variable. fullscreen (class Fullscreen) Specifies whether or not xterm should ask the window manager to use a fullscreen layout on startup. Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) Fullscreen layout is not used initially, but may be later via menu-selection or control sequence. true (1) Fullscreen layout is used initially, but may be disabled later via menu-selection or control sequence. always (2) Fullscreen layout is used initially, and cannot be disabled later via menu-selection or control sequence. never (3) Fullscreen layout is not used, and cannot be enabled later via menu-selection or control sequence. The default is "false". hold (class Hold) If true, xterm will not immediately destroy its window when the shell command completes. It will wait until you use the window manager to destroy/kill the window, or if you use the menu entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP or KILL. You may scroll back, select text, etc., to perform most graphical operations. Resizing the display will lose data, however, since this involves interaction with the shell which is no longer running. hpFunctionKeys (class HpFunctionKeys) Specifies whether or not HP function key escape codes should be generated for function keys. The default is "false", i.e., this feature is disabled. The keyboardType resource is the preferred mechanism for selecting this mode. iconGeometry (class IconGeometry) Specifies the preferred size and position of the application when iconified. It is not necessarily obeyed by all window managers. iconHint (class IconHint) Specifies an icon which will be added to the window manager hints. Xterm provides no default value. Set this resource to "none" to omit the hint entirely, using whatever the window manager may decide. If the iconHint resource is given (or is set via the -n option) xterm searches for a pixmap file with that name, in the current directory as well as in /usr/share/pixmaps. if the resource does not specify an absolute pathname. In each case, xterm adds "_48x48" and/or ".xpm" to the filename after trying without those suffixes. If it is able to load the file, xterm sets the window manager hint for the icon-pixmap. These pixmaps are distributed with xterm, and can optionally be compiled-in: o mini.xterm_16x16, mini.xterm_32x32, mini.xterm_48x48 o filled-xterm_16x16, filled-xterm_32x32, filled-xterm_48x48 o xterm_16x16, xterm_32x32, xterm_48x48 o xterm-color_16x16, xterm-color_32x32, xterm-color_48x48 In either case, xterm allows for adding a "_48x48" to specify the largest of the pixmaps as a default. That is, "mini.xterm" is the same as "mini.xterm_48x48". If no explicit iconHint resource is given (or if none of the compiled-in names matches), xterm uses "mini.xterm" (which is always compiled-in). The iconHint resource has no effect on "desktop" files, including "panel" and "menu". Those are typically set via a ".desktop" file; xterm provides samples for itself (and the uxterm script). The more capable desktop systems allow changing the icon on a per-user basis. iconName (class IconName) Specifies a label for xterm when iconified. Xterm provides no default value; some window managers may assume the application name, e.g., "xterm". Setting the iconName resource sets the icon label unless overridden by zIconBeep or the control sequences which change the window and icon labels. keyboardType (class KeyboardType) Enables one (or none) of the various keyboard-type resources: hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sunFunctionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys, oldXtermFKeys and sunKeyboard. The resource's value should be one of the corresponding strings "hp", "sco", "sun", "tcap", "legacy" or "vt220", respectively. The individual resources are provided for legacy support; this resource is simpler to use. Xterm will use only one keyboard- type, but if multiple resources are set, it warns and uses the last one it checks. The default is "unknown", i.e., none of the associated resources are set via this resource. maxBufSize (class MaxBufSize) Specify the maximum size of the input buffer. The default is "32768". You cannot set this to a value less than the minBufSize resource. It will be increased as needed to make that value evenly divide this one. On some systems you may want to increase one or both of the maxBufSize and minBufSize resource values to achieve better performance if the operating system prefers larger buffer sizes. maximized (class Maximized) Specifies whether or not xterm should ask the window manager to maximize its layout on startup. The default is "false". menuHeight (class MenuHeight) Specifies the height of the toolbar, which may be increased by the X Toolkit Layout widget depending upon the fontsize used. The default is "25". menuLocale (class MenuLocale) Specify the locale used for character-set computations when loading the popup menus. Use this to improve initialization performance of the Athena popup menus, which may load unnecessary (and very large) fonts, e.g., in a locale having UTF-8 encoding. The default is "C" (POSIX). To use the current locale (only useful if you have localized the resource settings for the menu entries), set the resource to an empty string. messages (class Messages) Specifies whether write access to the terminal is allowed initially. See mesg(1). The default is "true". minBufSize (class MinBufSize) Specify the minimum size of the input buffer, i.e., the amount of data that xterm requests on each read. The default is "4096". You cannot set this to a value less than 64. omitTranslation (class OmitTranslation) Selectively omit one or more parts of xterm's default translations at startup. The resource value is a comma- separated list of keywords, which may be abbreviated: default ignore (mouse) button-down events which were not handled by other translations fullscreen assigns a key-binding to the fullscreen() action. keypress assigns keypresses by default to the insert-seven-bit() and insert-eight-bit() actions. paging assigns key bindings to the scroll-back() and scroll-forw() actions. pointer assigns pointer motion and button events to the pointer-motion() and pointer-button() actions respectively. popup-menu assigns mouse-buttons with the control modifier to the popup-menus. reset assigns mouse-button 2 with the meta modifier to the clear-saved-lines action. scroll-lock assigns a key-binding to the scroll-lock() action. block-select an optional (compile-time) feature for supporting rectangular selections. By default, this is bound to Meta button one. select assigns mouse- and keypress-combinations to actions which manipulate the selection. Xterm also uses these actions to capture mouse button and motion events which can be manipulated with the mouse protocol control sequences. If the select translations are omitted, then the pointer-motion and pointer-button handle these mouse protocol control sequences instead. shift-fonts assigns key-bindings to larger-vt-font() and smaller-vt-font() actions. wheel-mouse assigns buttons 4 and 5 with different modifiers to the scroll-back() and scroll-forw() actions. ptyHandshake (class PtyHandshake) If "true", xterm will perform handshaking during initialization to ensure that the parent and child processes update the utmp and stty(1) state. See also waitForMap which waits for the pseudo-terminal's notion of the screen size, and ptySttySize which resets the screen size after other terminal initialization is complete. The default is "true". ptyInitialErase (class PtyInitialErase) If "true", xterm will use the pseudo-terminal's sense of the stty erase value. If "false", xterm will set the stty erase value to match its own configuration, using the kb string from the termcap entry as a reference, if available. In either case, the result is applied to the TERMCAP variable which xterm sets, if the system uses TERMCAP. See also the ttyModes resource, which may override this. The default is "False". ptySttySize (class PtySttySize) If "true", xterm will reset the screen size after terminal initialization is complete. This is needed for some systems whose pseudo-terminals cannot propagate terminal characteristics. Where it is not needed, it can interfere with other methods for setting the initial screen size, e.g., via window manager interaction. See also waitForMap which waits for a handshake-message giving the pseudo-terminal's notion of the screen size. The default is "false" on Linux and macOS systems, "true" otherwise. reportColors (class ReportColors) If true, xterm will print to the standard output a summary of colors as it allocates them. The default is "false". reportFonts (class ReportFonts) If true, xterm will print to the standard output a summary of each font's metrics (size, number of glyphs, etc.), as it loads them. The default is "false". reportIcons (class ReportIcons) If true, xterm will print to the standard output a summary of each pixmap icon as it loads them. The default is "false". reportXRes (class ReportXRes) If true, xterm will print to the standard output a list of the boolean, numeric and string X resources for the VT100 widget after initialization. The default is "false". sameName (class SameName) If the value of this resource is "true", xterm does not send title and icon name change requests when the request would have no effect: the name is not changed. This has the advantage of preventing flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra round trip to the server to find out the previous value. In practice this should never be a problem. The default is "true". scaleHeight (class ScaleHeight) Scale line-height values by the resource value, which is limited to "0.9" to "1.5". The default value is "1.0", While this resource applies to either bitmap or TrueType fonts, its main purpose is to help work around incompatible changes in the Xft library's font metrics. Xterm checks the font metrics to find what the library claims are the bounding boxes for each glyph (character). However, some of Xft's features (such as the autohinter) can cause the glyphs to be scaled larger than the bounding boxes, and be partly overwritten by the next row. See useClipping for a related resource. scoFunctionKeys (class ScoFunctionKeys) Specifies whether or not SCO function key escape codes should be generated for function keys. The default is "false", i.e., this feature is disabled. The keyboardType resource is the preferred mechanism for selecting this mode. sessionMgt (class SessionMgt) If the value of this resource is "true", xterm sets up session manager callbacks for XtNdieCallback and XtNsaveCallback. The default is "true". sunFunctionKeys (class SunFunctionKeys) Specifies whether or not Sun function key escape codes should be generated for function keys. The default is "false", i.e., this feature is disabled. The keyboardType resource is the preferred mechanism for selecting this mode. sunKeyboard (class SunKeyboard) Xterm translates certain key symbols based on its assumptions about your keyboard. This resource specifies whether or not Sun/PC keyboard layout (i.e., the PC keyboard's numeric keypad together with 12 function keys) should be assumed rather than DEC VT220. This causes the keypad "+" to be mapped to ",". and CTRL F1-F10 to F11-F20, depending on the setting of the ctrlFKeys resource, so xterm emulates a DEC VT220 more accurately. Otherwise (the default, with sunKeyboard set to "false"), xterm uses PC-style bindings for the function keys and keypad. PC-style bindings use the Shift, Alt, Control and Meta keys as modifiers for function-keys and keypad (see Xterm Control Sequences for details). The PC-style bindings are analogous to PCTerm, but not the same thing. Normally these bindings do not conflict with the use of the Meta key as described for the eightBitInput resource. If they do, note that the PC-style bindings are evaluated first. See also the keyboardType resource. tcapFunctionKeys (class TcapFunctionKeys) Specifies whether or not function key escape codes read from the termcap/terminfo entry corresponding to the TERM environment variable should be generated for function keys instead of those configured using sunKeyboard and keyboardType. The default is "false", i.e., this feature is disabled. The keyboardType resource is the preferred mechanism for selecting this mode. termName (class TermName) Specifies the terminal type name to be set in the TERM environment variable. title (class Title) Specifies a string that may be used by the window manager when displaying this application. toolBar (class ToolBar) Specifies whether or not the toolbar should be displayed. The default is "true". ttyModes (class TtyModes) Specifies a string containing terminal setting keywords. Except where noted, they may be bound to characters. Other keywords set modes. Not all keywords are supported on a given system. Allowable keywords include: Keyword POSIX? Notes ---------------------------------------------------------------- brk no CHAR may send an "interrupt" signal, as well as ending the input-line. dsusp no CHAR will send a terminal "stop" signal after input is flushed. eof yes CHAR will terminate input (i.e., an end of file). eol yes CHAR will end the line. eol2 no alternate CHAR for ending the line. erase yes CHAR will erase the last character typed. erase2 no alternate CHAR for erasing the last input- character. flush no CHAR will cause output to be discarded until another flush character is typed. intr yes CHAR will send an "interrupt" signal. kill yes CHAR will erase the current line. lnext no CHAR will enter the next character quoted. quit yes CHAR will send a "quit" signal. rprnt no CHAR will redraw the current line. start yes CHAR will restart the output after stopping it. status no CHAR will cause a system-generated status line to be printed. stop yes CHAR will stop the output. susp yes CHAR will send a terminal "stop" signal swtch no CHAR will switch to a different shell layer. tabs yes Mode disables tab-expansion. -tabs yes Mode enables tab-expansion. weras no CHAR will erase the last word typed. Control characters may be specified as ^char (e.g., ^c or ^u) and ^? may be used to indicate delete (127). Use ^- to denote undef. Use \034 to represent ^\, since a literal backslash in an X resource escapes the next character. This is very useful for overriding the default terminal settings without having to run stty(1) every time an xterm is started. Note, however, that the stty program on a given host may use different keywords; xterm's table is built in. The POSIX column in the table indicates which keywords are supported by a standard stty program. If the ttyModes resource specifies a value for erase, that overrides the ptyInitialErase resource setting, i.e., xterm initializes the terminal to match that value. useInsertMode (class UseInsertMode) Force use of insert mode by adding appropriate entries to the TERMCAP environment variable. This is useful if the system termcap is broken. (This resource is ignored on most systems, because TERMCAP is not used). The default is "false". utmpDisplayId (class UtmpDisplayId) Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record the display identifier (display number and screen number) as well as the hostname in the system utmp log file. The default is "true". utmpInhibit (class UtmpInhibit) Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record the user's terminal in the system utmp log file. If true, xterm will not try. The default is "false". validShells (class ValidShells) Augment (add to) the system's /etc/shells, when determining whether to set the "SHELL" environment variable when running a given program. The resource value is a list of lines (separated by newlines). Each line holds one pathname. Xterm ignores any line beginning with "#" after trimming leading/trailing whitespace from each line. The default is an empty string. waitForMap (class WaitForMap) Specifies whether or not xterm should wait for the initial window map before starting the subprocess. This is part of the ptyHandshake logic. When xterm is directed to wait in this fashion, it passes the terminal size from the display end of the pseudo-terminal to the terminal I/O connection, e.g., using the size according to the window manager. Otherwise, it uses the size as given in resource values or command-line option -geometry. The default is "false". zIconBeep (class ZIconBeep) Same as -ziconbeep command line argument. If the value of this resource is non-zero, xterms that produce output while iconified will cause an XBell sound at the given volume and have "*** " prepended to their icon titles. Most window managers will detect this change immediately, showing you which window has the output. (A similar feature was in x10 xterm.) The default is "false". zIconTitleFormat (class ZIconTitleFormat) Allow customization of the string used in the zIconBeep feature. The default value is "*** %s". If the resource value contains a "%s", then xterm inserts the icon title at that point rather than prepending the string to the icon title. (Only the first "%s" is used). VT100 Widget Resources The following resources are specified as part of the vt100 widget (class VT100). They are specified by patterns such as "XTerm.vt100.NAME". If your xterm is configured to support the "toolbar", then those patterns need an extra level for the form-widget which holds the toolbar and vt100 widget. A wildcard between the top-level "XTerm" and the "vt100" widget makes the resource settings work for either, e.g., "XTerm*vt100.NAME". activeIcon (class ActiveIcon) Specifies whether or not active icon windows are to be used when the xterm window is iconified, if this feature is compiled into xterm. The active icon is a miniature representation of the content of the window and will update as the content changes. Not all window managers necessarily support application icon windows. Some window managers will allow you to enter keystrokes into the active icon window. The default is "default". Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) No active icon is shown. true (1) The active icon is shown. If you are using twm, use this setting to enable active-icons. default (2) Xterm checks at startup, and shows an active icon only for window managers which it can identify and which are known to support the feature. These are fvwm (full support), and window maker (limited). A few other window managers (such as twm and ctwm) support active icons, but do not support the extensions which allow xterm to identify the window manager. allowBoldFonts (class AllowBoldFonts) When set to "false", xterm will not use bold fonts. This overrides both the alwaysBoldMode and the boldMode resources. allowC1Printable (class AllowC1Printable) If true, overrides the mapping of C1 controls (codes 128-159), telling xterm to treat as if they were printable characters. Although this corresponds to no particular standard, some users insist it is a VT100. The default is "false". Simply marking the C1 controls as printable does not ensure that xterm will display a character. That depends upon the font used. When the font does not provide glyphs for those codes, xterm may instead show a dashed box or a blank, depending on the setting of the forceBoxChars resource. When xterm uses UTF-8 encoding, it does not interpret the C1 bytes as control characters: o Xterm stores characters in each cell on the screen (rather than the sequence of bytes which comprise a character). When allowC1Printable is on, the stored character codes match the byte values. o When allowC1Printable is off, xterm stores the same bytes as Unicode replacement characters (U+FFFD), because a UTF-8 sequence cannot begin with those bytes. UTF-8 encoding can produce character codes in the range 128-159, using two bytes (beginning with 0xC2). Xterm does not interpret those two-byte characters as C1 controls. when allowC1Printable is off. It simply ignores them. allowColorOps (class AllowColorOps) Specifies whether control sequences that set/query the dynamic colors should be allowed. ANSI colors are unaffected by this resource setting. The default is "true". allowFontOps (class AllowFontOps) Specifies whether control sequences that set/query the font should be allowed. The default is "true". allowMouseOps (class AllowMouseOps) Specifies whether control sequences that enable xterm to send escape sequences to the host on mouse-clicks and movement. The default is "true". allowPasteControls (class AllowPasteControls) If true, allow control characters such as BEL and CAN to be pasted. Formatting characters (tab, newline) are normally allowed, unless suppressed via the disallowedPasteControls resource. Other C0 control characters are suppressed unless this resource is enabled. The exact set of control characters (C0 and C1) depends upon whether UTF-8 encoding is used, as well as the allowC1Printable and disallowedPasteControls resources. The default is "false". allowScrollLock (class AllowScrollLock) Specifies whether control sequences that set/query the Scroll Lock key should be allowed, as well as whether the Scroll Lock key responds to user's keypress. The default is "false". When this feature is enabled, xterm will sense the state of the Scroll Lock key each time it acquires focus. Pressing the Scroll Lock key toggles xterm's internal state, as well as toggling the associated LED. While the Scroll Lock is active, xterm attempts to keep a viewport on the same set of lines. If the current viewport is scrolled past the limit set by the saveLines resource, then Scroll Lock has no further effect. The reason for setting the default to "false" is to avoid user surprise. This key is generally unused in keyboard configurations, and has not acquired a standard meaning even when it is used in that manner. Consequently, users have assigned it for ad hoc purposes. See also the autoScrollLock resource. allowSendEvents (class AllowSendEvents) Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button events (generated using the X protocol SendEvent request) should be interpreted or discarded. The default is "false" meaning they are discarded. Note that allowing such events would create a very large security hole, therefore enabling this resource forcefully disables the allowXXXOps resources. The default is "false". allowTcapOps (class AllowTcapOps) Specifies whether control sequences that query the terminal's notion of its function-key strings, as termcap or terminfo capabilities should be allowed. The default is "true". A few programs, e.g., vim, use this feature to get an accurate description of the terminal's capabilities, independent of the termcap/terminfo setting: o Xterm can tell the querying program how many colors it supports. This is a constant, depending on how it is compiled, typically 16. It does not change if you alter resource settings, e.g., the boldColors resource. o Xterm can tell the querying program what strings are sent by modified (shift-, control-, alt-) function- and keypad- keys. Reporting control- and alt-modifiers is a feature that relies on the ncurses extended naming. allowTitleOps (class AllowTitleOps) Specifies whether control sequences that modify the window title or icon name should be allowed. The default is "true". allowWindowOps (class AllowWindowOps) Specifies whether extended window control sequences (as used in dtterm) should be allowed. These include several control sequences which manipulate the window size or position, as well as reporting these values and the title or icon name. Each of these can be abused in a script; curiously enough most terminal emulators that implement these restrict only a small part of the repertoire. For fine-tuning, see disallowedWindowOps. The default is "false". altIsNotMeta (class AltIsNotMeta) If "true", treat the Alt-key as if it were the Meta-key. Your keyboard may happen to be configured so they are the same. But if they are not, this allows you to use the same prefix- and shifting operations with the Alt-key as with the Meta-key. See altSendsEscape and metaSendsEscape. The default is "false". altSendsEscape (class AltSendsEscape) This is an additional keyboard operation that may be processed after the logic for metaSendsEscape. It is only available if the altIsNotMeta resource is set. o If "true", Alt characters (a character combined with the modifier associated with left/right Alt-keys) are converted into a two-character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC. This applies as well to function key control sequences, unless xterm sees that Alt is used in your key translations. o If "false", Alt characters input from the keyboard cause a shift to 8-bit characters (just like metaSendsEscape). By combining the Alt- and Meta-modifiers, you can create corresponding combinations of ESC-prefix and 8-bit characters. The default is "False". Xterm provides a menu option for toggling this resource. alternateScroll (class ScrollCond) If "true", the scroll-back and scroll-forw actions send cursor-up and -down keys when xterm is displaying the alternate screen. The default is "false". The alternateScroll state can also be set using a control sequence. alwaysBoldMode (class AlwaysBoldMode) Specifies whether xterm should check if the normal and bold fonts are distinct before deciding whether to use overstriking to simulate bold fonts. If this resource is true, xterm does not make the check for distinct fonts when deciding how to handle the boldMode resource. The default is "false". boldMode alwaysBoldMode Comparison Action ---------------------------------------------------- false false ignored use font false true ignored use font true false same overstrike true false different use font true true ignored overstrike This resource is used only for bitmap fonts: o When using bitmap fonts, it is possible that the font server will approximate the bold font by rescaling it from a different font size than expected. The alwaysBoldMode resource allows the user to override the (sometimes poor) resulting bold font with overstriking (which is at least consistent). o The problem does not occur with TrueType fonts (though there can be other unnecessary issues such as different coverage of the normal and bold fonts). As an alternative, setting the allowBoldFonts resource to false overrides both the alwaysBoldMode and the boldMode resources. alwaysHighlight (class AlwaysHighlight) Specifies whether or not xterm should always display a highlighted text cursor. By default (if this resource is false), a hollow text cursor is displayed whenever the pointer moves out of the window or the window loses the input focus. The default is "false". alwaysUseMods (class AlwaysUseMods) Override the numLock resource, telling xterm to use the Alt and Meta modifiers to construct parameters for function key sequences even if those modifiers appear in the translations resource. Normally xterm checks if Alt or Meta is used in a translation that would conflict with function key modifiers, and will ignore these modifiers in that special case. The default is "false". answerbackString (class AnswerbackString) Specifies the string that xterm sends in response to an ENQ (control/E) character from the host. The default is a blank string, i.e., "". A hardware VT100 implements this feature as a setup option. appcursorDefault (class AppcursorDefault) If "true", the cursor keys are initially in application mode. This is the same as the VT102 private DECCKM mode, The default is "false". appkeypadDefault (class AppkeypadDefault) If "true", the keypad keys are initially in application mode. The default is "false". assumeAllChars (class AssumeAllChars) If "true", this enables a special case in bitmap fonts to allow the font server to choose how to display missing glyphs. The default is "true". The reason for this resource is to help with certain quasi- automatically generated fonts (such as the ISO-10646-1 encoding of Terminus) which have incorrect font-metrics. autoScrollLock (class AutoScrollLock) If "true", xterm will maintain its viewport of displayed lines whenever displaying scrollback, as if allowScrollLock were enabled and the Scroll Lock key had been pressed. The default is "false". This feature is only useful if the scrollTtyOutput resource is set to "false". autoWrap (class AutoWrap) Specifies whether or not auto-wraparound should be enabled. This is the same as the VT102 DECAWM. The default is "true". awaitInput (class AwaitInput) Specifies whether or not xterm uses a 50 millisecond timeout to await input (i.e., to support the Xaw3d arrow scrollbar). The default is "false". backarrowKey (class BackarrowKey) Specifies whether the backarrow key transmits a backspace (8) or delete (127) character. This corresponds to the DECBKM control sequence. A "true" value specifies backspace. The default is "True". Pressing the control key toggles this behavior. background (class Background) Specifies the color to use for the background of the window. The default is "XtDefaultBackground". bellIsUrgent (class BellIsUrgent) Specifies whether to set the Urgency hint for the window manager when making a bell sound. The default is "false". bellOnReset (class BellOnReset) Specifies whether to sound a bell when doing a hard reset. The default is "true". bellSuppressTime (class BellSuppressTime) Number of milliseconds after a bell command is sent during which additional bells will be suppressed. Default is 200. If set non-zero, additional bells will also be suppressed until the server reports that processing of the first bell has been completed; this feature is most useful with the visible bell. boldColors (class ColorMode) Specifies whether to combine bold attribute with colors like the IBM PC, i.e., map colors 0 through 7 to colors 8 through 15. These normally are the brighter versions of the first 8 colors, hence bold. The default is "true". boldFont (class BoldFont) Specifies the name of the bold font to use instead of overstriking. There is no default for this resource. This font must be the same height and width as the normal font, otherwise it is ignored. If only one of the normal or bold fonts is specified, it will be used as the normal font and the bold font will be produced by overstriking this font. See also the discussion of boldMode and alwaysBoldMode resources. boldMode (class BoldMode) This specifies whether or not text with the bold attribute should be overstruck to simulate bold fonts if the resolved bold font is the same as the normal font. It may be desirable to disable bold fonts when color is being used for the bold attribute. Note that xterm has one bold font which you may set explicitly. Xterm attempts to derive a bold font for the other font selections (font1 through font7). If it cannot find a bold font, it will use the normal font. In each case (whether the explicit resource or the derived font), if the normal and bold fonts are distinct, this resource has no effect. The default is "true". See the alwaysBoldMode resource which can modify the behavior of this resource. Although xterm attempts to derive a bold font for other font selections, the font server may not cooperate. Since X11R6, bitmap fonts have been scaled. The font server claims to provide the bold font that xterm requests, but the result is not always readable. XFree86 introduced a feature which can be used to suppress the scaling. In the X server's configuration file (e.g., "/etc/X11/XFree86" or "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"), you can add ":unscaled" to the end of the directory specification for the "misc" fonts, which comprise the fixed-pitch fonts that are used by xterm. For example FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/" would become FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/:unscaled" Depending on your configuration, the font server may have its own configuration file. The same ":unscaled" can be added to its configuration file at the end of the directory specification for "misc". The bitmap scaling feature is also used by xterm to implement VT102 double-width and double-height characters. brokenLinuxOSC (class BrokenLinuxOSC) If true, xterm applies a workaround to ignore malformed control sequences that a Linux script might send. Compare the palette control sequences documented in console_codes with ECMA-48. The default is "true". brokenSelections (class BrokenSelections) If true, xterm in 8-bit mode will interpret STRING selections as carrying text in the current locale's encoding. Normally STRING selections carry ISO-8859-1 encoded text. Setting this resource to "true" violates the ICCCM; it may, however, be useful for interacting with some broken X clients. The default is "false". brokenStringTerm (class BrokenStringTerm) provides a work-around for some ISDN routers which start an application control string without completing it. Set this to "true" if xterm appears to freeze when connecting. The default is "false". Xterm's state parser recognizes several types of control strings which can contain text, e.g., APC (Application Program Command), DCS (Device Control String), OSC (Operating System Command), PM (Privacy Message), and SOS (Start of String), Each should end with a string-terminator (a special character which cannot appear in these strings). Ordinary control characters found within the string are not ignored; they are processed without interfering with the process of accumulating the control string's content. Xterm recognizes these controls in all modes, although some of the functions may be suppressed after parsing the control. When enabled, this feature allows the user to exit from an unterminated control string when any of these ordinary control characters are found: control/D (used as an end of file in many shells), control/H (backspace), control/I (tab-feed), control/J (line feed aka newline), control/K (vertical tab), control/L (form feed), control/M (carriage return), control/N (shift-out), control/O (shift-in), control/Q (XOFF), control/X (cancel) c132 (class C132) Specifies whether or not the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence, used to switch between 80 and 132 columns, should be honored. The default is "false". cacheDoublesize (class CacheDoublesize) Tells whether to cache double-sized fonts by xterm. Set this to zero to disable double-sized fonts altogether. cdXtraScroll (class CdXtraScroll) Specifies whether xterm should scroll to a new page when clearing the whole screen. Like tiXtraScroll, the intent of this option is to provide a picture of the full-screen application's display on the scrollback before wiping out the text. Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) nothing is added to the scrollback. true (1) the current screen is added to the scrollback. trim (2) the current screen is added to the scrollback, but repeated blank lines are trimmed (reduced to a single blank line). The default for this resource is "false". charClass (class CharClass) Specifies comma-separated lists of character class bindings of the form low[-high][:value]. These are used in determining which sets of characters should be treated the same when doing cut and paste. See the CHARACTER CLASSES section. checksumExtension (class ChecksumExtension) DEC VT420 and up support a control sequence DECRQCRA which reports the checksum of the characters in a rectangle. Xterm supports this, with extensions that can be configured with bits of the checksumExtension: 0 do not negate the result. 1 do not report the VT100 video attributes. 2 do not omit checksum for blanks. 3 omit checksum for cells not explicitly initialized. 4 do not mask cell value to 8 bits or ignore combining characters. 5 do not mask cell value to 7 bits. With the default value (0), xterm matches the behavior of DEC's terminals. To use all extensions, set all bits, "-1" for example. cjkWidth (class CjkWidth) Specifies whether xterm should follow the traditional East Asian width convention. When turned on, characters with East Asian Ambiguous (A) category in UTR 11 have a column width of 2. You may have to set this option to "true" if you have some old East Asian terminal based programs that assume that line- drawing characters have a column width of 2. If this resource is false, the mkWidth resource controls the choice between the system's wcwidth(3) and xterm's built-in tables. The default is "false". color0 (class Color0) color1 (class Color1) color2 (class Color2) color3 (class Color3) color4 (class Color4) color5 (class Color5) color6 (class Color6) color7 (class Color7) These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension. The defaults are, respectively, black, red3, green3, yellow3, a customizable dark blue, magenta3, cyan3, and gray90. The default shades of color are chosen to allow the colors 8-15 to be used as brighter versions. color8 (class Color8) color9 (class Color9) color10 (class Color10) color11 (class Color11) color12 (class Color12) color13 (class Color13) color14 (class Color14) color15 (class Color15) These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension if the bold attribute is also enabled. The default resource values are respectively, gray50, red, green, yellow, a customized light blue, magenta, cyan, and white. color16 (class Color16) through color255 (class Color255) These specify the colors for the 256-color extension. The default resource values are for o colors 16 through 231 to make a 6x6x6 color cube, and o colors 232 through 255 to make a grayscale ramp. Resources past color15 are available as a compile-time option. Due to a hardcoded limit in the X libraries on the total number of resources (to 400), the resources for 256-colors are omitted when wide-character support and luit are enabled. Besides inconsistent behavior if only part of the resources were allowed, determining the exact cutoff is difficult, and the X libraries tend to crash if the number of resources exceeds the limit. The color palette is still initialized to the same default values, and can be modified via control sequences. On the other hand, the resource limit does permit including the entire range for 88-colors. colorAttrMode (class ColorAttrMode) Specifies whether colorBD, colorBL, colorRV, and colorUL should override ANSI colors. If not, these are displayed only when no ANSI colors have been set for the corresponding position. The default is "false". colorBD (class ColorBD) This specifies the color to use to display bold characters if the "colorBDMode" resource is enabled. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". See also the veryBoldColors resource which allows combining bold and color. colorBDMode (class ColorAttrMode) Specifies whether characters with the bold attribute should be displayed in color or as bold characters. Note that setting colorMode off disables all colors, including bold. The default is "false". colorBL (class ColorBL) This specifies the color to use to display blink characters if the "colorBLMode" resource is enabled. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". See also the veryBoldColors resource which allows combining underline and color. colorBLMode (class ColorAttrMode) Specifies whether characters with the blink attribute should be displayed in color. Note that setting colorMode off disables all colors, including this. The default is "false". colorEvents (class ColorEvents) Specifies OSC control codes that can be processed from client messages with the type XTERM_CONTROL. These events may be generated using the X protocol SendEvent request. The resource value is a comma-separated list of codes allowed. The default is the empty string, disallowing all processing. The names are listed below. Xterm ignores capitalization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity. Either a name or a number can be used. TEXT_FG (10) text foreground TEXT_BG (11) text background TEXT_CURSOR (12) text cursor MOUSE_FG (13) mouse foreground MOUSE_BG (14) mouse background TEK_FG (15) tektronix foreground TEK_BG (16) tektronix background HIGHLIGHT_BG (17) highlight background TEK_CURSOR (18) tektronix cursor HIGHLIGHT_FG (19) highlight foreground For example, if messages for the text color are enabled, e.g., by setting the resource to text_fg, text_bg the text foreground color can be set to black by sending a message with this content: 10;#000000 colorIT (class ColorIT) This specifies the color to use to display italic characters if the "colorITMode" resource is enabled. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". See also the veryBoldColors resource which allows combining attributes and color. colorITMode (class ColorAttrMode) Specifies whether characters with the italic attribute should be displayed in color or as italic characters. The default is "false". Note that: o Setting colorMode off disables all colors, including italic. o The italicULMode resource overrides colorITMode. colorInnerBorder (class ColorInnerBorder) Normally, xterm fills the VT100 window's inner border using the background color. If the colorInnerBorder resource is enabled, at startup xterm will compare the borderColor and the window's background color. If those are different, xterm will use the borderColor resource to fill the inner border. Otherwise, it will use the window's background color. The default is "false". colorMode (class ColorMode) Specifies whether or not recognition of ANSI (ISO-6429) color change escape sequences should be enabled. The default is "true". colorRV (class ColorRV) This specifies the color to use to display reverse characters if the "colorRVMode" resource is enabled. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". See also the veryBoldColors resource which allows combining reverse and color. colorRVMode (class ColorAttrMode) Specifies whether characters with the reverse attribute should be displayed in color. Note that setting colorMode off disables all colors, including this. The default is "false". colorUL (class ColorUL) This specifies the color to use to display underlined characters if the "colorULMode" resource is enabled. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". See also the veryBoldColors resource which allows combining underline and color. colorULMode (class ColorAttrMode) Specifies whether characters with the underline attribute should be displayed in color or as underlined characters. Note that setting colorMode off disables all colors, including underlining. The default is "false". combiningChars (class CombiningChars) Specifies the number of wide-characters which can be stored in a cell to overstrike (combine) with the base character of the cell. This can be set to values in the range 0 to 5. The default is "2". ctrlFKeys (class CtrlFKeys) In VT220 keyboard mode (see sunKeyboard resource), specifies the amount by which to shift F1-F12 given a control modifier (CTRL). This allows you to generate key symbols for F10-F20 on a Sun/PC keyboard. The default is "10", which means that CTRL F1 generates the key symbol for F11. curses (class Curses) Specifies whether or not the last column bug in more(1) should be worked around. See the -cu option for details. The default is "false". cursorBar (class CursorBar) Specifies whether to make the cursor a left-bar or a box, unless the cursorUnderLine resource is set. The default is "false". cursorBlink (class CursorBlink) Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) The cursor will not blink, but may be combined with escape sequences according to the cursorBlinkXOR resource. true (1) The cursor will blink, but may be combined with escape sequences according to the cursorBlinkXOR resource. always (2) The cursor will always blink, ignoring escape sequences. The menu entry will be disabled. never (3) The cursor will never blink, ignoring escape sequences. The menu entry will be disabled. The default is "false". cursorBlinkXOR (class CursorBlinkXOR) Xterm uses two inputs to determine whether the cursor blinks: o The cursorBlink resource (which can be altered with a menu entry). o Control sequences (private mode 12 and DECSCUSR). The cursorBlinkXOR resource determines how those inputs are combined: false Xterm uses the logical-OR of the two variables. If either is set, xterm makes the cursor blink. true Xterm uses the logical-XOR of the two variables. If only one is set, xterm makes the cursor blink. The default is "true". cursorColor (class CursorColor) Specifies the color to use for the text cursor. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". By default, xterm attempts to keep this color from being the same as the background color, since it draws the cursor by filling the background of a text cell. The same restriction applies to control sequences which may change this color. Setting this resource overrides most of xterm's adjustments to cursor color. It will still use reverse-video to disallow some cases, such as a black cursor on a black background. cursorOffTime (class CursorOffTime) Specifies the duration of the "off" part of the cursor blink cycle-time in milliseconds. The same timer is used for text blinking. The default is "300". cursorOnTime (class CursorOnTime) Specifies the duration of the "on" part of the cursor blink cycle-time, in milliseconds. The same timer is used for text blinking. The default is "600". cursorUnderLine (class CursorUnderLine) Specifies whether to make the cursor underlined or a box. If unset (false), the cursorBar resource may set the cursor shape. The default is "false". cutNewline (class CutNewline) If "false", triple clicking to select a line does not include the newline at the end of the line. If "true", the Newline is selected. The default is "true". cutToBeginningOfLine (class CutToBeginningOfLine) If "false", triple clicking to select a line selects only from the current word forward. If "true", the entire line is selected. The default is "true". decGraphicsID (class DecGraphicsID) Allows a way to combine the graphics feature from certain DEC terminals (125, 240, 241, 330, 340 or 382) with other emulation levels which did not provide the graphics feature. As in decTerminalID, leading non-digit characters are ignored, e.g., "vt340" and "340" are the same. If the resource value is nonzero, xterm uses that emulation level when initializing the drawing region and decoding control sequences to draw graphics. The default is "0". decTerminalID (class DecTerminalID) Specifies the emulation level (100=VT100, 220=VT220, etc.), used to determine the type of response to a DA control sequence. Leading non-digit characters are ignored, e.g., "vt100" and "100" are the same. The default is "420". defaultString (class DefaultString) Specify the character (or string) which xterm will substitute when pasted text includes a character which cannot be represented in the current encoding. For instance, pasting UTF-8 text into a display of ISO-8859-1 characters will only be able to display codes 0-255, while UTF-8 text can include Unicode values above 255. The default is "#" (a single pound sign). If the undisplayable text would be double-width, xterm will add a space after the "#" character, to give roughly the same layout on the screen as the original text. deleteIsDEL (class DeleteIsDEL) Specifies what the Delete key on the editing keypad should send when pressed. The resource value is a string, evaluated as a boolean after startup. Xterm uses it in conjunction with the keyboardType resource: o If the keyboard type is "default", or "vt220" and the resource is either "true" or "maybe" send the VT220-style Remove escape sequence. Otherwise, send DEL (127). o If the keyboard type is "legacy", and the resource is "true" send DEL. Otherwise, send the Remove sequence. o Otherwise, if the keyboard type is none of these special cases, send DEL (127). The default is "Maybe". The resource is allowed to be a non- boolean "maybe" so that the popup menu Delete is DEL entry does not override the keyboard type. directColor (class DirectColor) Specifies whether to handle direct-color control sequences using the X server's available colors, or to approximate those using a color map with 256 entries. A "true" value enables the former. The default is "true". disallowedColorOps (class DisallowedColorOps) Specify which features will be disabled if allowColorOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of names. The default value is SetColor,GetColor,GetAnsiColor The names are listed below. Xterm ignores capitalization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity. SetColor Set a specific dynamic color. GetColor Report the current setting of a given dynamic color. GetAnsiColor Report the current setting of a given ANSI color (actually any of the colors set via ANSI-style controls). disallowedFontOps (class DisallowedFontOps) Specify which features will be disabled if allowFontOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of names. The default value is SetFont,GetFont The names are listed below. Xterm ignores capitalization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity. SetFont Set the specified font. GetFont Report the specified font. disallowedMouseOps (class DisallowedMouseOps) Specify which features will be disabled if allowMouseOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of names. The default value is "*" which matches all names. The names are listed below. Xterm ignores capitalization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity. X10 The original X10 mouse protocol. Locator DEC locator mode VT200Click X11 mouse-clicks only. VT200Hilite X11 mouse-clicks and highlighting. AnyButton XFree86 xterm any-button mode sends button-clicks as well as motion events while the button is pressed. AnyEvent XFree86 xterm any-event mode sends button-clicks as well as motion events whether or not a button is pressed. FocusEvent Send FocusIn/FocusOut events. Extended The first extension beyond X11 mouse protocol, this encodes the coordinates in UTF-8. It is deprecated in favor of SGR, but provided for compatibility. SGR This is the recommended extension for mouse-coordinates URXVT Like Extended, this is provided for compatibility. AlternateScroll This overrides the alternateScroll resource. disallowedPasteControls (class DisallowedPasteControls) Use this resource to disallow pasting specific C0 control characters when the allowPasteControls resource is false (i.e., the default). This resource defines the set of control characters which cannot be pasted, converting each into a space. Other C0 controls are pasted without change. The resource value is a comma-separated list of names. Xterm ignores capitalization. The default value is BS,DEL,ENQ,EOT,ESC,NUL,STTY The names are listed below: C0 all ASCII control characters. Individual C0 characters NUL, SOH, STX, ETX, EOT, ENQ, ACK, BEL, BS, HT, LF, VT, FF, CR, SO, SI, DLE, DC1, DC2, DC3, DC4, NAK, SYN, ETB, CAN, EM, SUB, ESC, FS, GS, RS, US DEL ASCII delete NL ASCII line-feed, i.e., "newline" is the same as LF. STTY special characters which are set with stty(1). disallowedTcapOps (class DisallowedTcapOps) Specify which features will be disabled if allowTcapOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of names. The default value is SetTcap,GetTcap The names are listed below. Xterm ignores capitalization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity. SetTcap (not implemented) GetTcap Report specified function- and other special keys. disallowedWindowOps (class DisallowedWindowOps) Specify which features will be disabled if allowWindowOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of names, or (for the controls adapted from dtterm the operation number). The default value is GetChecksum,GetIconTitle,GetSelection,GetWinTitle,SetSelection,SetXprop (i.e., all except a few "dangerous" operations are allowed). The names are listed below. Xterm ignores capitalization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity. Where a number can be used as an alternative, it is given in parentheses after the name. ColumnMode Enable (or disable) switching between 80 and 132 columns. This is in addition to the c132 resource. GetChecksum Report checksum of characters in a rectangular region. GetIconTitle (20) Report xterm window's icon label as a string. GetScreenSizeChars (19) Report the size of the screen in characters as numbers. GetSelection Report selection data as a base64 string. GetWinPosition (13) Report xterm window position as numbers. GetWinSizeChars (18) Report the size of the text area in characters as numbers. GetWinSizePixels (14) Report xterm window in pixels as numbers. GetWinState (11) Report xterm window state as a number. GetWinTitle (21) Report xterm window's title as a string. LowerWin (6) Lower the xterm window to the bottom of the stacking order. MaximizeWin (9) Maximize window (i.e., resize to screen size). FullscreenWin (10) Use full screen (i.e., resize to screen size, without window decorations). MinimizeWin (2) Iconify window. PopTitle (23) Pop title from internal stack. PushTitle (22) Push title to internal stack. RaiseWin (5) Raise the xterm window to the front of the stacking order. RefreshWin (7) Refresh the xterm window. RestoreWin (1) De-iconify window. SetChecksum Modify algorithm for reporting checksum of characters in a rectangular region. SetSelection Set selection data. SetWinLines Resize to a given number of lines, at least 24. SetWinPosition (3) Move window to given coordinates. SetWinSizeChars (8) Resize the text area to given size in characters. SetWinSizePixels (4) Resize the xterm window to given size in pixels. SetXprop Set X property on top-level window. StatusLine Resize window to provide a VT320-style status line. dynamicColors (class DynamicColors) Specifies whether or not escape sequences to change colors assigned to different attributes are recognized. eightBitControl (class EightBitControl) Specifies whether or not control sequences sent by the terminal should be eight-bit characters or escape sequences. The default is "false". eightBitInput (class EightBitInput) If "true", Meta characters (a single-byte character combined with the Meta modifier key) input from the keyboard are presented as a single character, modified according to the eightBitMeta resource. If "false", Meta characters are converted into a two-character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC. The default is "true". The metaSendsEscape and altSendsEscape resources may override this feature. Generally keyboards do not have a key labeled "Meta", but "Alt" keys are common, and they are conventionally used for "Meta". If they were synonymous, it would have been reasonable to name this resource "altSendsEscape", reversing its sense. For more background on this, see the meta(3x) function in curses. Note that the Alt key is not necessarily the same as the Meta modifier. The xmodmap utility lists your key modifiers. X defines modifiers for shift, (caps) lock and control, as well as 5 additional modifiers which are generally used to configure key modifiers. Xterm inspects the same information to find the modifier associated with either Meta key (left or right), and uses that key as the Meta modifier. It also looks for the NumLock key, to recognize the modifier which is associated with that. If your xmodmap configuration uses the same keycodes for Alt- and Meta-keys, xterm will only see the Alt-key definitions, since those are tested before Meta-keys. NumLock is tested first. It is important to keep these keys distinct; otherwise some of xterm's functionality is not available. The eightBitInput resource is tested at startup time. If "true", the xterm tries to put the terminal into 8-bit mode. If "false", on startup, xterm tries to put the terminal into 7-bit mode. For some configurations this is unsuccessful; failure is ignored. After startup, xterm does not change the terminal between 8-bit and 7-bit mode. As originally implemented in X11, the resource value did not change after startup. However (since patch #216 in 2006) xterm can modify eightBitInput after startup via a control sequence. The corresponding terminfo capabilities smm (set meta mode) and rmm (reset meta mode) have been recognized by bash for some time. Interestingly enough, bash's notion of "meta mode" differs from the standard definition (in the terminfo manual), which describes the change to the eighth bit of a character. It happens that bash views "meta mode" as the ESC character that xterm puts before a character when a special meta key is pressed. bash's early documentation talks about the ESC character and ignores the eighth bit. eightBitMeta (class EightBitMeta) This controls the way xterm modifies the eighth bit of a single-byte key when the eightBitInput resource is set. The default is "locale". The resource value is a string, evaluated as a boolean after startup. false The key is sent unmodified. locale The key is modified only if the locale uses eight-bit encoding. true The key is sent modified. never The key is always sent unmodified. Except for the never choice, xterm honors the terminfo capabilities smm (set meta mode) and rmm (reset meta mode), allowing the feature to be turned on or off dynamically. If eightBitMeta is enabled when the locale uses UTF-8, xterm encodes the value as UTF-8 (since patch #183 in 2003). eightBitOutput (class EightBitOutput) Specifies whether or not eight-bit characters sent from the host should be accepted as is or stripped when printed. The default is "true", which means that they are accepted as is. eightBitSelectTypes (class EightBitSelectTypes) Override xterm's default selection target list (see SELECT/PASTE) for selections in normal (ISO-8859-1) mode. The default is an empty string, i.e., "", which does not override anything. eraseSavedLines (class EraseSavedLines) Specifies whether or not to allow xterm extended ED/DECSED control sequences to erase the saved-line buffer. The default is "true". faceName (class FaceName) Specify the pattern for scalable fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm. There is no default value. One or more fonts can be specified, separated by commas. If prefixed with "x:" or "x11:" the specification applies to the XLFD font resource. A "xft:" prefix is accepted but unnecessary since a missing prefix for faceName means that it will be used for TrueType. For example, XTerm*faceName: x:fixed,xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono Two TrueType fonts can be specified in this way. The first is the primary font; the second acts as a manual override to the fontconfig fontset. If no faceName resource is specified, or if there is no match for both TrueType normal and bold fonts, xterm uses the XLFD (bitmap) font and related resources. It is possible to select suitable bitmap fonts using a script such as this: #!/bin/sh FONT=`xfontsel -print` test -n "$FONT" && xfd -fn "$FONT" However (even though xfd accepts a "-fa" option to denote FreeType fonts), xfontsel has not been similarly extended. As a workaround, you may try fc-list :scalable=true:spacing=mono: family to find a list of scalable fixed-pitch fonts which may be used for the faceName resource value. faceNameDoublesize (class FaceNameDoublesize) Specify a double-width scalable font for cases where an application requires this, e.g., in CJK applications. There is no default value. Like the faceName resource, this allows one or more comma- separated font specifications to be applied to the wide TrueType or XLFD fonts. If the application uses double-wide characters and this resource is not given, xterm will use a scaled version of the font given by faceName. faceSize (class FaceSize) Specify the pointsize for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm. The default is "8.0" On the VT Fonts menu, this corresponds to the Default entry. Although the default is "8.0", this may not be the same as the pointsize for the default bitmap font, i.e., that assigned with the -fn option, or the font resource. The default value of faceSize is chosen to match the size of the "fixed" font, making switching between bitmap and TrueType fonts via the font menu give comparable sizes for the window. If your -fn option uses a different pointsize, you might want to adjust the faceSize resource to match. You can specify the pointsize for TrueType fonts selected with the other size-related menu entries such as Medium, Huge, etc., by using one of the following resource values. If you do not specify a value, they default to "0.0", which causes xterm to use the ratio of font sizes from the corresponding bitmap font resources to obtain a TrueType pointsize. If all of the faceSize resources are set, then xterm will use this information to determine the next smaller/larger TrueType font for the larger-vt-font() and smaller-vt-font() actions. If any are not set, xterm will use only the areas of the bitmap fonts. faceSize1 (class FaceSize1) Specifies the pointsize of the first alternative font. faceSize2 (class FaceSize2) Specifies the pointsize of the second alternative font. faceSize3 (class FaceSize3) Specifies the pointsize of the third alternative font. faceSize4 (class FaceSize4) Specifies the pointsize of the fourth alternative font. faceSize5 (class FaceSize5) Specifies the pointsize of the fifth alternative font. faceSize6 (class FaceSize6) Specifies the pointsize of the sixth alternative font. faceSize7 (class FaceSize7) Specifies the pointsize of the seventh alternative font. faintIsRelative (class FaintIsRelative) Faint colors are derived from the current text color, e.g., the ANSI colors, by scaling the red, green and blue components. Use this resource to specify whether that is done relative to the current background color, or as an absolute value. The default is "false". fastScroll (class FastScroll) Modifies the effect of jump scroll (jumpScroll) by suppressing screen refreshes for the special case when output to the screen has completely shifted the contents off-screen. Likewise, screen refreshes for related actions, e.g., carriage returns, are suppressed. For instance, cat'ing a large file to the screen normally results in a large number of screen refreshes. By suppressing the corresponding refreshes, scrolling speed improves. The default is "true". font (class Font) Specifies the name of the normal font. The default is "fixed". See the discussion of the locale resource, which describes how this font may be overridden. NOTE: some resource files use patterns such as *font: fixed which are overly broad, affecting both xterm.vt100.font and xterm.vt100.utf8Fonts.font which is probably not what you intended. font1 (class Font1) Specifies the name of the first alternative font, corresponding to "Unreadable" in the standard menu. font2 (class Font2) Specifies the name of the second alternative font, corresponding to "Tiny" in the standard menu. font3 (class Font3) Specifies the name of the third alternative font, corresponding to "Small" in the standard menu. font4 (class Font4) Specifies the name of the fourth alternative font, corresponding to "Medium" in the standard menu. font5 (class Font5) Specifies the name of the fifth alternative font, corresponding to "Large" in the standard menu. font6 (class Font6) Specifies the name of the sixth alternative font, corresponding to "Huge" in the standard menu. font7 (class Font7) Specifies the name of the seventh alternative font, corresponding to "Enormous" in the standard menu. fontDoublesize (class FontDoublesize) Specifies whether xterm should attempt to use font scaling to draw double-sized characters. Some older font servers cannot do this properly, will return misleading font metrics. The default is "true". If disabled, xterm will simulate double- sized characters by drawing normal characters with spaces between them. fontWarnings (class FontWarnings) Specify whether xterm should report an error if it fails to load a font: 0 Never report an error (though the X libraries may). 1 Report an error if the font name was given as a resource setting. 2 Always report an error on failure to load a font. The default is "1". forceBoxChars (class ForceBoxChars) Specifies whether xterm should assume the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters: o The fixed-pitch ISO-8859-*-encoded fonts used by xterm normally have the VT100 line-drawing glyphs in cells 1-31. Other fixed-pitch fonts may be more attractive, but lack these glyphs. o When using an ISO-10646-1 font and the wideChars resource is true, xterm uses the Unicode glyphs which match the VT100 line-drawing glyphs. The default is "false": o If "false", xterm checks for missing glyphs in the font and makes line-drawing characters directly as needed. When "false", xterm also shows a blank where otherwise printable glyphs are missing from the current font. o If "true", xterm assumes the font does not contain the line-drawing characters, and draws them directly. When "true", xterm also shows a dashed box outline where otherwise printable glyphs are missing from the current font. The VT100 line-drawing character set (also known as the DEC Special Character and Line Drawing Set) is shown in this table. It includes a few special characters which are not used for drawing lines: Cell Unicode Description ------------------------------------------------------------ 0 U+25AE black vertical rectangle 1 U+25C6 black diamond 2 U+2592 medium shade 3 U+2409 symbol for horizontal tabulation 4 U+240C symbol for form feed 5 U+240D symbol for carriage return 6 U+240A symbol for line feed 7 U+00B0 degree sign 8 U+00B1 plus-minus sign 9 U+2424 symbol for newline 10 U+240B symbol for vertical tabulation 11 U+2518 box drawings light up and left 12 U+2510 box drawings light down and left 13 U+250C box drawings light down and right 14 U+2514 box drawings light up and right 15 U+253C box drawings light vertical and horizontal 16 U+23BA box drawings scan 1 17 U+23BB box drawings scan 3 18 U+2500 box drawings light horizontal 19 U+23BC box drawings scan 7 20 U+23BD box drawings scan 9 21 U+251C box drawings light vertical and right 22 U+2524 box drawings light vertical and left 23 U+2534 box drawings light up and horizontal 24 U+252C box drawings light down and horizontal 25 U+2502 box drawings light vertical 26 U+2264 less-than or equal to 27 U+2265 greater-than or equal to 28 U+03C0 greek small letter pi 29 U+2260 not equal to 30 U+00A3 pound sign 31 U+00B7 middle dot ------------------------------------------------------------ forcePackedFont (class ForcePackedFont) Specifies whether xterm should use the maximum or minimum glyph width when displaying using a bitmap font. Use the maximum width to help with proportional fonts. The default is "true", denoting the minimum width. forceXftHeight (class ForceXftHeight) Specifies whether xterm should use the given font metrics for TrueType fonts, or amend the ascent/descent to total no more than the given font-height. This optional feature is used to work around inconsistencies in FreeType's rounding computation. The default is "false", denoting the given metrics. foreground (class Foreground) Specifies the color to use for displaying text in the window. Setting the class name instead of the instance name is an easy way to have everything that would normally appear in the text color change color. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". formatCursorKeys (class FormatCursorKeys) When modifyCursorKeys is 4 or greater, use modified form as in formatOtherKeys, for cursor-keys instead of the conventional form. The default is "0". formatFunctionKeys (class FormatFunctionKeys) When modifyFunctionKeys is 4 or greater, use modified form as in formatOtherKeys, for function-keys instead of the conventional form. The default is "0". formatKeypadKeys (class FormatKeypadKeys) When modifyKeypadKeys is 4 or greater, use modified form as in formatOtherKeys, for numeric keypad-keys instead of the conventional form. The default is "0". formatModifierKeys (class FormatModifierKeys) When modifyModifierKeys is 4 or greater, use modified form as in formatOtherKeys, for modifier-keys instead of the conventional form. The default is "0". formatOtherKeys (class FormatOtherKeys) Overrides the format of the escape sequence used to report modified keys with the modifyOtherKeys resource. 0 send modified keys as parameters for function-key 27 (default). 1 send modified keys as parameters for CSI u. formatSpecialKeys (class FormatSpecialKeys) When modifySpecialKeys is 4 or greater, use modified form as in formatOtherKeys, for special keys instead of the conventional form. The default is "0". freeBoldBox (class FreeBoldBox) Specifies whether xterm should assume the bounding boxes for normal and bold fonts are compatible. If "false", xterm compares them and will reject choices of bold fonts that do not match the size of the normal font. The default is "false", which means that the comparison is performed. geometry (class Geometry) Specifies the preferred size and position of the VTxxx window. There is no default for this resource. highlightColor (class HighlightColor) Specifies the color to use for the background of selected (highlighted) text. If not specified (i.e., matching the default foreground), reverse video is used. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". highlightColorMode (class HighlightColorMode) Specifies whether xterm should use highlightTextColor and highlightColor to override the reversed foreground/background colors in a selection. The default is unspecified: at startup, xterm checks if those resources are set to something other than the default foreground and background colors. Setting this resource disables the check. The following table shows the interaction of the highlighting resources, abbreviated as shown to fit in this page: HCM highlightColorMode HR highlightReverse HBG highlightColor HFG highlightTextColor HCM HR HBG HFG Highlight ------------------------------------------------ false false default default bg/fg false false default set bg/fg false false set default fg/HBG false false set set fg/HBG ------------------------------------------------ false true default default bg/fg false true default set bg/fg false true set default fg/HBG false true set set fg/HBG ------------------------------------------------ true false default default bg/fg true false default set HFG/fg true false set default bg/HBG true false set set HFG/HBG ------------------------------------------------ true true default default bg/fg true true default set HFG/fg true true set default fg/HBG true true set set HFG/HBG ------------------------------------------------ default false default default bg/fg default false default set bg/fg default false set default fg/HBG default false set set HFG/HBG ------------------------------------------------ default true default default bg/fg default true default set bg/fg default true set default fg/HBG default true set set HFG/HBG ------------------------------------------------ highlightReverse (class HighlightReverse) Specifies whether xterm should reverse the selection foreground and background colors when selecting text with reverse-video attribute. This applies only to the highlightColor and highlightTextColor resources, e.g., to match the color scheme of xwsh. If "true", xterm reverses the colors, If "false", xterm does not reverse colors, The default is "true". highlightSelection (class HighlightSelection) Tells xterm whether to highlight all of the selected positions, or only the selected text: o If "false", selecting with the mouse highlights all positions on the screen between the beginning of the selection and the current position. o If "true", xterm highlights only the positions that contain text that can be selected. The default is "false". Depending on the way your applications write to the screen, there may be trailing blanks on a line. Xterm stores data as it is shown on the screen. Erasing the display changes the internal state of each cell so it is not considered a blank for the purpose of selection. Blanks written since the last erase are selectable. If you do not wish to have trailing blanks in a selection, use the trimSelection resource. highlightTextColor (class HighlightTextColor) Specifies the color to use for the foreground of selected (highlighted) text. If not specified (i.e., matching the default background), reverse video is used. The default is "XtDefaultBackground". hpLowerleftBugCompat (class HpLowerleftBugCompat) Specifies whether to work around a bug in HP's xdb, which ignores termcap and always sends ESC F to move to the lower left corner. "true" causes xterm to interpret ESC F as a request to move to the lower left corner of the screen. The default is "false". i18nSelections (class I18nSelections) If false, xterm will not request the targets COMPOUND_TEXT or TEXT. The default is "true". It may be set to false in order to work around ICCCM violations by other X clients. iconBorderColor (class BorderColor) Specifies the border color for the active icon window if this feature is compiled into xterm. Not all window managers will make the icon border visible. iconBorderWidth (class BorderWidth) Specifies the border width for the active icon window if this feature is compiled into xterm. The default is "2". Not all window managers will make the border visible. iconFont (class IconFont) Specifies the font for the miniature active icon window, if this feature is compiled into xterm. The default is "nil2". incrementalGraphics (class IncrementalGraphics) When displaying SIXEL graphics, refresh the screen after processing each cell. The default is "false". indicatorFormat (class IndicatorFormat) When displaying the status line using the indicator mode (i.e., selecting DECSSDT line type 1), format the status using this resource. The default value of the resource displays the version of xterm, the cursor position and the time/date: "%{version%} %{position%} %{unixtime%}" If a "%" marker does not match any of the three special tokens used in the default resource setting, xterm uses strftime(3) to interpret it. initialFont (class InitialFont) Specifies which of the VT100 fonts to use initially. Values are the same as for the set-vt-font action. The default is "d", i.e., "default". inputMethod (class InputMethod) Tells xterm which type of input method to use. There is no default method. internalBorder (class BorderWidth) Specifies the number of pixels between the characters and the window border. The default is "2". italicULMode (class ColorAttrMode) Specifies whether characters with the underline attribute should be displayed in an italic font or as underlined characters. It is implemented only for TrueType fonts. jumpScroll (class JumpScroll) Specifies whether or not jump scroll should be used. This corresponds to the VT102 DECSCLM private mode. The default is "true". See fastScroll for a variation. keepClipboard (class KeepClipboard) Specifies whether xterm will reuse the selection data which it copied to the clipboard rather than asking the clipboard for its current contents when told to provide the selection. The default is "false". If compiled into xterm, the menu entry Keep Clipboard allows you to change this at runtime. keepSelection (class KeepSelection) Specifies whether xterm will keep the selection even after the selected area was touched by some output to the terminal. The default is "true". The menu entry Keep Selection allows you to change this at runtime. keyboardDialect (class KeyboardDialect) Specifies the initial keyboard dialect, as well as the default value when the terminal is reset. The value given is the same as the final character in the control sequences which change character sets. The default is "B", which corresponds to US ASCII. limitFontsets (class LimitFontsets) Limits the number of TrueType fallback fonts (i.e., fontset) which can be tested. The default is "50". No more than "255" will be scanned. This limits the number of fallback fonts which xterm uses to display characters. Because TrueType fonts typically are small, xterm may open several fonts for good coverage, and may open additional fonts to obtain information. You can see which font-files xterm opens by setting the environment variable XFT_DEBUG to 3. The Xft library and xterm write this debugging trace to the standard output. Set this to "0" to disable fallbacks entirely. limitFontHeight (class LimitFontHeight) When scaling a TrueType font to provide the parts for a double- high character, xterm compares the scaled font with the original to ensure that it is taller. The default is "10" (percent). limitFontWidth (class LimitFontWidth) When looking for fallback fonts, xterm checks to see that the character to be displayed is the same width as the primary font. If a character extends outside the font's bounding box, xterm will clip it, to fit. This resource controls the amount by which the character can extend outside its bounding box before xterm looks further for a better font. This resource is also used in scaling TrueType fonts for double-wide characters, like limitFontHeight for double-wide characters. The default is "10" (percent). limitResize (class LimitResize) Limits resizing of the screen via control sequence to a given multiple of the display dimensions. The default is "1". limitResponse (class LimitResponse) Limits the buffer-size used when xterm replies to various control sequences. The default is "1024". The minimum value is "256". locale (class Locale) Specifies how to use luit(1), an encoding converter between UTF-8 and locale encodings. The resource value (ignoring case) may be: true Xterm will use the encoding specified by the users' LC_CTYPE locale (i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG variables) as far as possible. This is realized by always enabling UTF-8 mode and invoking luit in non-UTF-8 locales. medium Xterm will follow users' LC_CTYPE locale only for UTF-8, east Asian, and Thai locales, where the encodings were not supported by conventional 8bit mode with changing fonts. For other locales, xterm will use conventional 8bit mode. checkfont If mini-luit is compiled-in, xterm will check if a Unicode font has been specified. If so, it checks if the character encoding for the current locale is POSIX, Latin-1 or Latin-9, uses the appropriate mapping to support those with the Unicode font. For other encodings, xterm assumes that UTF-8 encoding is required. false Xterm will use conventional 8bit mode or UTF-8 mode according to utf8 resource or -u8 option. Any other value, e.g., "UTF-8" or "ISO8859-2", is assumed to be an encoding name; luit will be invoked to support the encoding. The actual list of supported encodings depends on luit. The default is "medium". Regardless of your locale and encoding, you need an ISO-10646-1 font to display the result. Your configuration may not include this font, or locale-support by xterm may not be needed. At startup, xterm uses a mechanism equivalent to the load-vt-fonts(utf8Fonts,Utf8Fonts) action to load font name subresources of the VT100 widget. That is, resource patterns such as "*vt100.utf8Fonts.font" will be loaded, and (if this resource is enabled), override the normal fonts. If no subresources are found, the normal fonts such as "*vt100.font", etc., are used. For instance, you could have this in your resource file: *VT100.font: 12x24 *VT100.utf8Fonts.font:9x15 When started with a UTF-8 locale, xterm would use 9x15, but allow you to switch to the 12x24 font using the menu entry "UTF-8 Fonts". The resource files distributed with xterm use ISO-10646-1 fonts, but do not rely on them unless you are using the locale mechanism. localeFilter (class LocaleFilter) Specifies the file name for the encoding converter from/to locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used with the -lc option or locale resource. The help message shown by "xterm -help" lists the default value, which depends on your system configuration. If the encoding converter requires command-line parameters, you can add those after the command, e.g., *localeFilter: xterm-filter -p Alternatively, you may put those parameters within a shell script to execute the converter, and set this resource to point to the shell script. When using a locale-filter, e.g., with the -e option, or the shell, xterm first tries passing control via that filter. If it fails, xterm will retry without the locale-filter. Xterm warns about the failure before retrying. logFile (class Logfile) Specify the name for xterm's log file. If no name is specified, xterm will generate a name when logging is enabled, as described in the -l option. logInhibit (class LogInhibit) If "true", prevent the logging feature from being enabled, whether by the command-line option -l, or the menu entry Log to File. The default is "false". logging (class Logging) If "true", (and if logInhibit is not set) enable the logging feature. This resource is set/updated by the -l option and the menu entry Log to File. The default is "false". loginShell (class LoginShell) Specifies whether or not the shell to be run in the window should be started as a login shell. The default is "false". marginBell (class MarginBell) Specifies whether or not the bell should be rung when the user types near the right margin. The default is "false". maxGraphicSize (class MaxGraphicSize) If xterm is configured to support ReGIS or SIXEL graphics, this resource controls the maximum size of a graph which can be displayed. The default is "1000x1000" (given as width by height). If the resource is "auto" then xterm will use the decGraphicsID resource (or decTerminalID if that is not set): Result decGraphicsID ------------------------ 768x400 125 800x460 240 800x460 241 800x480 330 800x480 340 860x750 382 800x480 other maxStringParse (class MaxStringParse) Xterm's state parser recognizes several types of control strings which can contain text, e.g., APC (Application Program Command), DCS (Device Control String), OSC (Operating System Command), PM (Privacy Message), and SOS (Start of String), Xterm reads these strings, accumulating them into a buffer until they are properly terminated. At that point, xterm interprets the strings. If they happen to be DCS commands to draw ReGIS images, these strings may be large, in the hundreds of kilobytes. A few OSC commands may be as large as 10 kilobytes. This resource sets a limit on the size of the buffer used for these strings. The default is "600000" based on the features which are configured for xterm. Control strings which require larger buffer size are ignored. metaSendsEscape (class MetaSendsEscape) Tells xterm what to do with input-characters modified by Meta: o If "true", Meta characters (a character combined with the Meta modifier key) are converted into a two-character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC. This applies as well to function key control sequences, unless xterm sees that Meta is used in your key translations. o If "false", Meta characters input from the keyboard are handled according to the eightBitInput resource. The default is "False". mkSamplePass (class MkSamplePass) If mkSampleSize is nonzero, and mkWidth (and cjkWidth) are false, on startup xterm compares its built-in tables to the system's wide character width data to decide if it will use the system's data. It tests the first mkSampleSize character values, and allows up to mkSamplePass mismatches before the test fails. The default (for the allowed number of mismatches) is 655 (one percent of the default value for mkSampleSize). mkSampleSize (class MkSampleSize) With mkSamplePass, this specifies a startup test used for initializing wide character width calculations. The default (number of characters to check) is 65536. mkWidth (class MkWidth) Specifies whether xterm should use a built-in version of the wide character width calculation. See also the cjkWidth resource which can override this. The default is "false". Here is a summary of the resources which control the choice of wide character width calculation: cjkWidth mkWidth Action --------------------------------------------------------------- false false use system tables subject to mkSamplePass false true use built-in tables true false use built-in CJK tables true true use built-in CJK tables To disable mkWidth, and use the system's tables, set both mkSampleSize and mkSamplePass to "0". Doing that may make xterm more consistent with applications running in xterm, but may omit some font glyphs whose width correctly differs from the system's character tables. modifyCursorKeys (class ModifyCursorKeys) Tells how to handle the special case where Control-, Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used to add a parameter to the escape sequence returned by a cursor-key. X11 cursor keys are the four keys with arrow symbols: Left Right Up Down as well as some commonly found on an "editing keypad" Home Prior Page_Up Next Page_Down End Begin The default is "2": -1 disables the feature. 0 uses the old/obsolete behavior, i.e., the modifier is the first parameter. 1 prefixes modified sequences with CSI. 2 forces the modifier to be the second parameter if it would otherwise be the first. 3 marks the sequence with a ">" to hint that it is private. 4 changes the format to match modifyOtherKeys 3, sending an escape sequence according to formatCursorKeys. modifyFunctionKeys (class ModifyFunctionKeys) Tells how to handle the special case where Control-, Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used to add a parameter to the escape sequence returned by a (numbered) function-key. The default is "2". The resource values are similar to modifyCursorKeys: -1 permits the user to use shift- and control-modifiers to construct function-key strings using the normal encoding scheme. 0 uses the old/obsolete behavior, i.e., the modifier is the first parameter. 1 prefixes modified sequences with CSI. 2 forces the modifier to be the second parameter if it would otherwise be the first. 3 marks the sequence with a ">" to hint that it is private. 4 changes the format to match modifyOtherKeys 3, sending an escape sequence according to formatFunctionKeys. If modifyFunctionKeys is zero, xterm uses Control- and Shift- modifiers to allow the user to construct numbered function-keys beyond the set provided by the keyboard: Control adds the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource. Shift adds twice the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource. Control/Shift adds three times the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource. modifyKeyboard (class ModifyKeyboard) Normally xterm makes a special case regarding modifiers (shift, control, etc.) to handle special keyboard layouts (legacy and vt220). This is done to provide compatible keyboards for DEC VT220 and related terminals that implement user-defined keys (UDK). The bits of the resource value selectively enable modification of the given category when these keyboards are selected. The default is "0": 0 The legacy/vt220 keyboards interpret only the Control- modifier when constructing numbered function-keys. Other special keys are not modified. 1 allows modification of the numeric keypad 2 allows modification of the editing keypad 4 allows modification of function-keys, overrides use of Shift-modifier for UDK. 8 allows modification of other special keys modifyKeypadKeys (class ModifyKeypadKeys) Like modifyCursorKeys "4", tells xterm to construct an escape sequence for numeric keypad keys. The default is "0". modifyModifierKeys (class ModifyModifierKeys) Like modifyCursorKeys "4", tells xterm to construct an escape sequence for modifier (e.g., "shift") keys. The default is "0". modifyOtherKeys (class ModifyOtherKeys) Like modifyCursorKeys "4", tells xterm to construct an escape sequence for ordinary (i.e., "other") keys (such as "2") when modified by Shift-, Control-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers. This feature does not apply to special keys, i.e., cursor-, keypad-, function- or control-keys which are labeled on your keyboard. Those have key symbols which XKB identifies uniquely. The default is "0": 0 disables this feature. 1 enables this feature for keys except for those with well- known behavior, e.g., Tab, Backarrow and some special control character cases which are built into the X11 library, e.g., Control-Space to make a NUL, or Control-3 to make an Escape character. Except for those special cases built into the X11 library, the Shift- and Control- modifiers are treated normally. The Alt- and Meta- modifiers do not cause xterm to send escape sequences. Those modifier keys are interpreted according to other resources, e.g., the metaSendsEscape resource. 2 enables this feature for keys including the exceptions listed. Xterm ignores the special cases built into the X11 library. Any shifted (modified) ordinary key sends an escape sequence. The Alt- and Meta- modifiers cause xterm to send escape sequences. 3 extends the feature to send unmodified keys as escape sequences. The Xterm FAQ has an extended discussion of this feature, with examples: https://invisible-island.net/xterm/modified-keys.html modifySpecialKeys (class ModifySpecialKeys) Like modifyCursorKeys "4", tells xterm to construct an escape sequence for special keys (e.g., "escape" not in the other categories). The default is "0". multiClickTime (class MultiClickTime) Specifies the maximum time in milliseconds between multi-click select events. The default is "250" milliseconds. multiScroll (class MultiScroll) Specifies whether or not scrolling should be done asynchronously. The default is "false". nMarginBell (class Column) Specifies the number of characters from the right margin at which the margin bell should be rung, when enabled by the marginBell resource. The default is "10". nameKeymap (class NameKeymap) See the discussion of the keymap() action. nextEventDelay (class NextEventDelay) Specifies a delay time in milliseconds before checking for new X events. The default is "1". numColorRegisters (class NumColorRegisters) If xterm is configured to support ReGIS or SIXEL graphics, this specifies the number of color-registers which are available. If this resource is not specified, xterm uses a value determined by the decTerminalID resource: Result decTerminalID ----------------------- 4 125 4 240 4 241 4 330 16 340 2 382 1024 other numLock (class NumLock) If "true", xterm checks if NumLock is used as a modifier (see xmodmap(1)). If so, this modifier is used to simplify the logic when implementing special NumLock for the sunKeyboard resource. Also (when sunKeyboard is false), similar logic is used to find the modifier associated with the left and right Alt keys. The default is "true". oldXtermFKeys (class OldXtermFKeys) If "true", xterm will use old-style (X11R5) escape sequences for function keys F1 to F4, for compatibility with X Consortium xterm. Otherwise, it uses the VT100 codes for PF1 to PF4. The default is "false". Setting this resource has the same effect as setting the keyboardType to legacy. The keyboardType resource is the preferred mechanism for selecting this mode. The old-style escape sequences resemble VT220 keys, but appear to have been invented for xterm in X11R4. on2Clicks (class On2Clicks) on3Clicks (class On3Clicks) on4Clicks (class On4Clicks) on5Clicks (class On5Clicks) Specify selection behavior in response to multiple mouse clicks. A single mouse click is always interpreted as described in the Selection Functions section (see POINTER USAGE). Multiple mouse clicks (using the button which activates the select-start action) are interpreted according to the resource values of on2Clicks, etc. The resource value can be one of these: word Select a "word" as determined by the charClass resource. See the CHARACTER CLASSES section. If the pointer is on a "word" then xterm searches back to the beginning of the word, and then to the end. If the pointer is not on a "word" then the result depends on whether it is on whitespace (including a newline), or past the end of the line. In the latter case xterm may select a "word" beginning after the newline, if there is no additional whitespace. line Select a line (counting wrapping). group Select a group of adjacent lines (counting wrapping). The selection stops on a blank line, and does not extend outside the current page. page Select all visible lines, i.e., the page. all Select all lines, i.e., including the saved lines. regex Select the best match for the POSIX extended regular expression (ERE) which follows in the resource value: o Xterm matches the regular expression against a byte array for the entire (possibly wrapped) line. That byte array may be UTF-8 or ISO-8859-1, depending on the mode in which xterm is running. o Xterm steps through each byte-offset in this array, keeping track of the best (longest) match. If more than one match ties for the longest length, the first is used. Xterm does this to make it convenient to click anywhere in the area of interest and cause the regular expression to match the entire word, etc. o The "^" and "$" anchors in a regular expression denote the ends of the entire line. o If the regular expression contains backslashes "\" those should be escaped "\\" because the X libraries interpret backslashes in resource strings. none No selection action is associated with this resource. Xterm interprets it as the end of the list. For example, you may use it to disable triple (and higher) clicking by setting on3Clicks to "none". The default values for on2Clicks and on3Clicks are "word" and "line", respectively. There is no default value for on4Clicks or on5Clicks, making those inactive. On startup, xterm determines the maximum number of clicks by the onXClicks resource values which are set. openIm (class OpenIm) Tells xterm whether to open the input method at startup. The default is "true". pointerColor (class PointerColor) Specifies the foreground color of the pointer. The default is "XtDefaultForeground". pointerColorBackground (class PointerColorBackground) Specifies the background color of the pointer. The default is "XtDefaultBackground". pointerFont (class PointerFont) Specifies the font to be used for the pointer. The shapes specified by pointerShape are glyphs in this font. The resource value default is cursor. pointerMode (class PointerMode) Specifies when the pointer may be hidden as the user types. It will be redisplayed if the user moves the mouse, or clicks one of its buttons. 0 never 1 the application running in xterm has not activated mouse mode. This is the default. 2 always. pointerShape (class Cursor) Specifies the name of the shape of the pointer. The default is "xterm". Other shapes can be selected. Here is a list of the "core" (i.e., standard) names extracted from : X_cursor, arrow, based_arrow_down, based_arrow_up, boat, bogosity, bottom_left_corner, bottom_right_corner, bottom_side, bottom_tee, box_spiral, center_ptr, circle, clock, coffee_mug, cross, cross_reverse, crosshair, diamond_cross, dot, dotbox, double_arrow, draft_large, draft_small, draped_box, exchange, fleur, gobbler, gumby, hand1, hand2, heart, icon, iron_cross, left_ptr, left_side, left_tee, leftbutton, ll_angle, lr_angle, man, middlebutton, mouse, pencil, pirate, plus, question_arrow, right_ptr, right_side, right_tee, rightbutton, rtl_logo, sailboat, sb_down_arrow, sb_h_double_arrow, sb_left_arrow, sb_right_arrow, sb_up_arrow, sb_v_double_arrow, shuttle, sizing, spider, spraycan, star, target, tcross, top_left_arrow, top_left_corner, top_right_corner, top_side, top_tee, trek, ul_angle, umbrella, ur_angle, watch, xterm If you are using a cursor theme, expect it to provide about a third of those names, while adding others. popOnBell (class PopOnBell) Specifies whether the window would be raised when Control-G is received. The default is "false". If the window is iconified, this has no effect. However, the zIconBeep resource provides you with the ability to see which iconified windows have sounded a bell. precompose (class Precompose) Tells xterm whether to precompose UTF-8 data into Normalization Form C, which combines commonly-used accents onto base characters. If it does not do this, accents are left as separate characters. The default is "true". preeditType (class PreeditType) Tells xterm which types of preedit (preconversion) string to display. The default is "OverTheSpot,Root". preferLatin1 (class PreferLatin1) Tells xterm whether to use DEC Supplemental Graphic, or ISO Latin-1 for the user-preferred supplemental set (UPSS) when initializing character sets. The former is the documented setting for hardware terminals, but the latter is expected by most users. The default is "true" (ISO Latin-1). printAttributes (class PrintAttributes) Specifies whether to print graphic attributes along with the text. A real DEC VTxxx terminal will print the underline, highlighting codes but your printer may not handle these. o "0" disables the attributes. o "1" prints the normal set of attributes (bold, underline, inverse and blink) as VT100-style control sequences. o "2" prints ANSI color attributes as well. The default is "1". printFileImmediate (class PrintFileImmediate) When the print-immediate action is invoked, xterm prints the screen contents directly to a file. Set this resource to the prefix of the filename (a timestamp will be appended to the actual name). The default is an empty string, i.e., "", However, when the print-immediate action is invoked, if the string is empty, then "XTerm" is used. printFileOnXError (class PrintFileOnXError) If xterm exits with an X error, e.g., your connection is broken when the server crashes, it can be told to write the contents of the screen to a file. To enable the feature, set this resource to the prefix of the filename (a timestamp will be appended to the actual name). The default is an empty string, i.e., "", which disables this feature. However, when the print-on-error action is invoked, if the string is empty, then "XTermError" is used. These error codes are handled: ERROR_XERROR, ERROR_XIOERROR and ERROR_ICEERROR. printModeImmediate (class PrintModeImmediate) When the print-immediate action is invoked, xterm prints the screen contents directly to a file. You can use the printModeImmediate resource to tell it to use escape sequences to reconstruct the video attributes and colors. This uses the same values as the printAttributes resource. The default is "0". printModeOnXError (class PrintModeOnXError) Xterm implements the printFileOnXError feature using the printer feature, although the output is written directly to a file. You can use the printModeOnXError resource to tell it to use escape sequences to reconstruct the video attributes and colors. This uses the same values as the printAttributes resource. The default is "0". printOptsImmediate (class PrintOptsImmediate) Specify the range of text which is printed to a file when the print-immediate action is invoked. o If zero (0), then this selects the current (visible screen) plus the saved lines, except if the alternate screen is being used. In that case, only the alternate screen is selected. o If nonzero, the bits of this resource value (checked in descending order) select the range: 8 selects the saved lines. 4 selects the alternate screen. 2 selects the normal screen. 1 selects the current screen, which can be either the normal or alternate screen. The default is "9", which selects the current visible screen plus saved lines, with no special case for the alternated screen. printOptsOnXError (class PrintOptsOnXError) Specify the range of text which is printed to a file when the print-on-error action is invoked. The resource value is interpreted the same as in printOptsImmediate. The default is "9", which selects the current visible screen plus saved lines, with no special case for the alternated screen. printRawChars (class PrintRawChars) If "true", xterm allows Unicode non-characters to be printed. printerAutoClose (class PrinterAutoClose) If "true", xterm will close the printer (a pipe) when the application switches the printer offline with a Media Copy command. The default is "false". printerCommand (class PrinterCommand) Specifies a shell command to which xterm will open a pipe when the first MC (Media Copy) command is initiated. The default is an empty string, i.e., "". If the resource value is given as an empty string, the printer is disabled. printerControlMode (class PrinterControlMode) Specifies the printer control mode. A "1" selects autoprint mode, which causes xterm to print a line from the screen when o you move the cursor off that line with a line feed, form feed or vertical tab character, or o an autowrap occurs. Autoprint mode is overridden by printer controller mode (a "2"), which causes all of the output to be directed to the printer. The default is "0". printerExtent (class PrinterExtent) Controls whether a print page function will print the entire page (true), or only the portion within the scrolling margins (false). The default is "false". printerFormFeed (class PrinterFormFeed) Controls whether a form feed is sent to the printer at the end of a print page function. The default is "false". printerNewLine (class PrinterNewLine) Controls whether a newline is sent to the printer at the end of a print page function. The default is "true". privateColorRegisters (class PrivateColorRegisters) If xterm is configured to support ReGIS or SIXEL graphics, this controls whether xterm allocates separate color registers for each sixel device control string, e.g., for DECGCI. If not true, color registers are allocated only once, when the terminal is reset, and color changes in any graphic affect all graphics. The default is "true". quietGrab (class QuietGrab) Controls whether the cursor is repainted when NotifyGrab and NotifyUngrab event types are received during change of focus. The default is "false". regisDefaultFont (class RegisDefaultFont) If xterm is configured to support ReGIS graphics, this resource tells xterm which font to use if the ReGIS data does not specify one. No default value is specified; xterm accepts a TrueType font specification as in the faceName resource. If no value is specified, xterm draws a bitmap indicating a missing character. regisScreenSize (class RegisScreenSize) If xterm is configured to support ReGIS graphics, this resource tells xterm the default size (in pixels) for these graphics, which also sets the default coordinate space to [0,0] (upper- left) and [width,height] (lower-right). The application using ReGIS may use the "A" option of the "S" command to adjust the coordinate space or change the addressable portion of the screen. Xterm accepts a special resource value "auto", which tells xterm to use the decGraphicsID and decTerminalID resources to set the default size based on the hardware terminal's limits. Those limits are the same as for the maxGraphicSize resource. The default is "auto". renderFont (class RenderFont) If xterm is built with the Xft library, this controls whether the faceName resource is used. The default is "default". The resource values are strings, evaluated as booleans after startup. false disable the feature and use the normal (bitmap) font. true startup using the TrueType font specified by the faceName and faceSize resource settings. If there is no value for faceName, disable the feature and use the normal (bitmap) font. After startup, you can still switch to/from the bitmap font using the "TrueType Fonts" menu entry. default Enable the "TrueType Fonts" menu entry to allow runtime switching to/from TrueType fonts. The initial font used depends upon whether the faceName resource is set: o If the faceName resource is not set, start by using the normal (bitmap) font. Xterm has a separate compiled-in value for faceName for this special case. That is normally "mono". o If the faceName resource is set, then start by using the TrueType font rather than the bitmap font. defaultOff Enable the "TrueType Fonts" menu entry to allow runtime switching to/from TrueType fonts, but allow it to be initially unselected if no faceName resource was given. resizeByPixel (class ResizeByPixel) Set this "true" to disable hints to the window manager that request resizing by character rather than pixels. Most window managers provide visual feedback showing the size of a window as you resize it, using these hints. When you maximize xterm, it disables those hints to allow the window manager to make better use of fractional rows or columns. Setting this resource disables the hints all the time. The default is "false". resizeGravity (class ResizeGravity) Affects the behavior when the window is resized to be taller or shorter. NorthWest The top line of text on the screen should not move. If the window is made shorter, lines are dropped from the bottom; if the window is made taller, blank lines are added at the bottom. This is compatible with the behavior in X11R4. SouthWest The bottom line of text on the screen should not move (the default). If the window is made taller, additional saved lines will be scrolled down onto the screen; if the window is made shorter, lines will be scrolled off the top of the screen, and the top saved lines will be dropped. retryInputMethod (class RetryInputMethod) Tells xterm how many times to retry, in case the input-method server is not responding. This is a different issue than unsupported preedit type, etc. You may encounter retries if your X configuration (and its libraries) are missing pieces. Setting this resource to zero "0" will cancel the retrying. The default is "3". reverseVideo (class ReverseVideo) Specifies whether or not reverse video should be simulated. The default is "false". There are several aspects to reverse video in xterm: o The command-line -rv option tells the X libraries to reverse the foreground and background colors. Xterm's command-line options set resource values. In particular, the X Toolkit sets the reverseVideo resource when the -rv option is used. o If the user has also used command-line options -fg or -bg to set the foreground and background colors, xterm does not see these options directly. Instead, it examines the resource values to reconstruct the command-line options, and determine which of the colors is the user's intended foreground, etc. Their actual values are irrelevant to the reverse video function; some users prefer the X defaults (black text on a white background), others prefer white text on a black background. o After startup, the user can toggle the "Enable Reverse Video" menu entry. This exchanges the current foreground and background colors of the VT100 widget, and repaints the screen. Because of the X resource hierarchy, the reverseVideo resource applies to more than the VT100 widget. Programs running in an xterm can also use control sequences to enable the VT100 reverse video mode. These are independent of the reverseVideo resource and the menu entry. Xterm exchanges the current foreground and background colors when drawing text affected by these control sequences. Other control sequences can alter the foreground and background colors which are used: o Programs can also use the ANSI color control sequences to set the foreground and background colors. o Extensions to the ANSI color controls (such as 16-, 88- or 256-colors) are treated similarly to the ANSI control. o Using other control sequences (the "dynamic colors" feature), a program can change the foreground and background colors. reverseWrap (class ReverseWrap) Specifies whether or not reverse-wraparound should be enabled. This corresponds to xterm's private mode 45. The default is "false". rightScrollBar (class RightScrollBar) Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be displayed on the right rather than the left. The default is "false". saveLines (class SaveLines) Specifies the number of lines to save beyond the top of the screen when a scrollbar is turned on. The default is "1024". scrollBar (class ScrollBar) Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be displayed. The default is "false". scrollBarBorder (class ScrollBarBorder) Specifies the width of the scrollbar border. Note that this is drawn to overlap the border of the xterm window. Modifying the scrollbar's border affects only the line between the VT100 widget and the scrollbar. The default value is 1. scrollKey (class ScrollCond) Specifies whether or not pressing a key should automatically cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the scrolling region. This corresponds to xterm's private mode 1011. The default is "false". scrollLines (class ScrollLines) Specifies the number of lines that the scroll-back and scroll-forw actions should use as a default. The default value is 1. scrollTtyOutput (class ScrollCond) Specifies whether or not output to the terminal should automatically cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the scrolling region. The default is "true". selectToClipboard (class SelectToClipboard) Tells xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD for SELECT tokens in the selection mechanism. The set-select action can change this at runtime, allowing the user to work with programs that handle only one of these mechanisms. The default is "false", which tells it to use PRIMARY. shiftEscape (class ShiftEscape) Xterm uses the translations resource to determine how to invoke actions for selecting and copying text using the pointer (e.g., a mouse). It also provides a mouse protocol which can be used by applications running in an xterm to detect mouse button clicks. The mouse protocol causes xterm to send special escape sequences which allow an application to determine if modifiers (i.e., one or more of shift, control, alt, and meta) were used. Xterm provides this mouse protocol by interpreting button- and motion-events in the functions which the translations resource calls for selecting and copying text: insert-selection select-end select-extend select-start start-extend While the mouse protocol is active, xterm reserves most of the mouse button events for sending special escape sequences to the application. Xterm normally allows you to use the shift-key to temporarily override this mouse protocol, permitting the selection and copying actions to be used. The shiftEscape resource setting allows you to tell xterm whether to use the shift-key in this way (i.e., overriding the mouse protocol). Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) Mouse protocol does not send special escapes when shift-key is used. true (1) Mouse protocol may send special escapes when shift-key is used. At startup, xterm analyzes the translations to see which buttons are used in the (mouse) button-related bindings for selection and copying text. If the shift-key is not mentioned explicitly in a button's binding, xterm allows that button with shift-key for overriding the mouse protocol. always (2) Mouse protocol can always send special escapes when shift- key is used. never (3) Mouse protocol will never send special escapes when shift- key is used. Xterm interprets a control sequence which can change this setting between "true" and "false". The default is "false". shiftFonts (class ShiftFonts) Specifies whether to enable the actions larger-vt-font() and smaller-vt-font(), which are normally bound to the shifted KP_Add and KP_Subtract. The default is "true". showBlinkAsBold (class ShowBlinkAsBold) Tells xterm whether to display text with blink-attribute the same as bold. If xterm has not been configured to support blinking text, the default is "true", which corresponds to older versions of xterm, otherwise the default is "false". showMissingGlyphs (class ShowMissingGlyphs) Tells xterm whether to display a box outlining places where a character has been used that the font does not represent. The default is "true". showWrapMarks (class ShowWrapMarks) For debugging xterm and applications that may manipulate the wrapped-line flag by writing text at the right margin, show a mark on the right inner-border of the window. The mark shows which lines have the flag set. signalInhibit (class SignalInhibit) Specifies whether or not the entries in the Main Options menu for sending signals to xterm should be disallowed. The default is "false". sixelScrolling (class SixelScrolling) If xterm is configured to support SIXEL graphics, this resource tells it whether to scroll up one line at a time when sixels would be written past the bottom line on the window. The default is "true" which enables scrolling. Sixel scrolling is the opposite of DEC Sixel Display Mode (DECSDM): when one is on, the other is off. sixelScrollsRight (class SixelScrollsRight) If xterm is configured to support SIXEL graphics, this resource tells it whether to scroll to the right as needed to keep the current position visible rather than truncate the plot on the on the right. The default is "false" which disables scrolling. tekGeometry (class Geometry) Specifies the preferred size and position of the Tektronix window. There is no default for this resource. tekInhibit (class TekInhibit) Specifies whether or not the escape sequence to enter Tektronix mode should be ignored. The default is "false". tekSmall (class TekSmall) Specifies whether or not the Tektronix mode window should start in its smallest size if no explicit geometry is given. This is useful when running xterm on displays with small screens. The default is "false". tekStartup (class TekStartup) Specifies whether or not xterm should start up in Tektronix mode. The default is "false". tiXtraScroll (class TiXtraScroll) Specifies whether xterm should scroll to a new page when processing the ti or te termcap strings, i.e., the private modes 47, 1047 or 1049. This is only in effect if titeInhibit is "true", because the intent of this option is to provide a picture of the full-screen application's display on the scrollback without wiping out the text that would be shown before the application was initialized. Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) nothing is added to the scrollback. true (1) the current screen is added to the scrollback. trim (2) the current screen is added to the scrollback, but repeated blank lines are trimmed (reduced to a single blank line). The default for this resource is "false". titeInhibit (class TiteInhibit) Originally specified whether or not xterm should remove ti and te termcap entries (used to switch between alternate screens on startup of many screen-oriented programs) from the TERMCAP string. TERMCAP is used rarely now, but xterm supports the feature on modern systems: o If set, xterm also ignores the escape sequence to switch to the alternate screen. o Xterm supports terminfo in a different way, supporting composite control sequences (also known as private modes) 1047, 1048 and 1049 which have the same effect as the original 47 control sequence. The default for this resource is "false". titleModes (class TitleModes) Tells xterm whether to accept or return window- and icon-labels in ISO-8859-1 (the default) or UTF-8. Either can be encoded in hexadecimal: o UTF-8 titles require special treatment, because they may contain bytes which can be mistaken for control characters. Hexadecimal-encoding is supported to eliminate that possibility. o As an alternative, you could use the allowC1Printable resource, which suppresses xterm's parsing of the relevant control characters (and as a result, treats those bytes as data). The default for this resource is "0". Each bit (bit "0" is 1, bit "1" is 2, etc.) corresponds to one of the parameters set by the title modes control sequence: 0 Set window/icon labels using hexadecimal 1 Query window/icon labels using hexadecimal 2 Set window/icon labels using UTF-8 (gives the same effect as the utf8Title resource). 3 Query window/icon labels using UTF-8 translations (class Translations) Specifies the key and button bindings for menus, selections, "programmed strings", etc. The translations resource, which provides much of xterm's configurability, is a feature of the X Toolkit Intrinsics library (Xt). See the Actions section. trimSelection (class TrimSelection) If you set highlightSelection, you can see the text which is selected, including any trailing spaces. Clearing the screen (or a line) resets it to a state containing no spaces. Some lines may contain trailing spaces when an application writes them to the screen. However, you may not wish to paste lines with trailing spaces. If this resource is true, xterm will trim trailing spaces from text which is selected. It does not affect spaces which result in a wrapped line, nor will it trim the trailing newline from your selection. The default is "false". underLine (class UnderLine) This specifies whether or not text with the underline attribute should be underlined. It may be desirable to disable underlining when color is being used for the underline attribute. The default is "true". useBorderClipping (class UseBorderClipping) Tell xterm whether to apply clipping when useClipping is false. Unlike useClipping, this simply limits text to keep it within the window borders, e.g., as a refinement to the scaleHeight workaround. The default is "false". useClipping (class UseClipping) Tell xterm whether to use clipping to keep from producing dots outside the text drawing area. Originally used to work around for overstriking effects, this is also needed to work with some incorrectly-sized fonts. The default is "true". utf8 (class Utf8) This specifies whether xterm will run in UTF-8 mode. If you set this resource, xterm also sets the wideChars resource as a side-effect. The resource can be set via the menu entry "UTF-8 Encoding". The default is "default". Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) UTF-8 mode is initially off. The command-line option +u8 sets the resource to this value. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed. true (1) UTF-8 mode is initially on. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed. always (2) The command-line option -u8 sets the resource to this value. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are ignored. default (3) This is the default value of the resource. It is changed during initialization depending on whether the locale resource was set, to false (0) or always (2). See the locale resource for additional discussion of non-UTF-8 locales. If you want to set the value of utf8, it should be in this range. Other nonzero values are treated the same as "1", i.e., UTF-8 mode is initially on, and escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed. utf8Fonts (class Utf8Fonts) See the discussion of the locale resource. This specifies whether xterm will use UTF-8 fonts specified via resource patterns such as "*vt100.utf8Fonts.font" or normal (ISO-8859-1) fonts via patterns such as "*vt100.font". The resource can be set via the menu entry "UTF-8 Fonts". The default is "default". Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) Use the ISO-8859-1 fonts. The menu entry is enabled, allowing the choice of fonts to be changed at runtime. true (1) Use the UTF-8 fonts. The menu entry is enabled, allowing the choice of fonts to be changed at runtime. always (2) Always use the UTF-8 fonts. This also disables the menu entry. default (3) At startup, the resource is set to true or false, according to the effective value of the utf8 resource. utf8Latin1 (class Utf8Latin1) If true, allow an ISO-8859-1 normal font to be combined with an ISO-10646-1 font if the latter is given via the -fw option or its corresponding resource value. The default is "false". utf8SelectTypes (class Utf8SelectTypes) Override xterm's default selection target list (see SELECT/PASTE) for selections in wide-character (UTF-8) mode. The default is an empty string, i.e., "", which does not override anything. utf8Title (class Utf8Title) Applications can set xterm's title by writing a control sequence. Normally this control sequence follows the VT220 convention, which encodes the string in ISO-8859-1 and allows for an 8-bit string terminator. If xterm is started in a UTF-8 locale, it translates the ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-8 to work with the X libraries which assume the string is UTF-8. However, some users may wish to write a title string encoded in UTF-8. The window manager is responsible for drawing window titles. Some window managers (not all) support UTF-8 encoding of window titles. Set this resource to "true" to also set UTF-8 encoded title strings using the EWMH properties. This feature is available as a menu entry, since it is related to the particular applications you are running within xterm. You can also use a control sequence (see the discussion of "Title Modes" in Xterm Control Sequences), to set an equivalent flag (which can also be set using the titleModes resource). Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in parentheses: false (0) Set only ISO-8859-1 title strings, e.g., using the ICCCM WM_NAME STRING property. The menu entry is enabled, allowing the choice of title-strings to be changed at runtime. true (1) Set both the EWMH (UTF-8 strings) and the ICCCM WM_NAME, etc. The menu entry is enabled, allowing the choice to be changed at runtime. always (2) Always set both the EWMH (UTF-8 strings) and the ICCCM WM_NAME, etc. This also disables the menu entry. default (3) At startup, the resource is set to true or false, according to the effective value of the utf8 resource. The default is "default". utf8Weblike (class Utf8Weblike) Provide an alternate error-handling scheme for ill-formed UTF-8 as recommended in a W3C document. The Unicode standard does not require this for conformance. Some additional information can be found here: https://invisible-island.net/xterm/bad-utf8/ The default is "false". veryBoldColors (class VeryBoldColors) Specifies whether to combine video attributes with colors specified by colorBD, colorBL, colorIT, colorRV, and colorUL. The resource value is the sum of values for each attribute: 1 for reverse, 2 for underline, 4 for bold, 8 for blink, and 512 for italic The default is "0". visualBell (class VisualBell) Specifies whether or not a visible bell (i.e., flashing) should be used instead of an audible bell when Control-G is received. The default is "false", which tells xterm to use an audible bell. visualBellDelay (class VisualBellDelay) Number of milliseconds to delay when displaying a visual bell. Default is 100. If set to zero, no visual bell is displayed. This is useful for very slow displays, e.g., an LCD display on a laptop. visualBellLine (class VisualBellLine) Specifies whether to flash only the current line when displaying a visual bell rather than flashing the entire screen: The default is "false", which tells xterm to flash the entire screen. vt100Graphics (class VT100Graphics) This specifies whether xterm will interpret VT100 graphic character escape sequences while in UTF-8 mode. This feature also applies to code-pages (e.g., for VT320 and VT520) and National Replacement Character Sets (VT220 and up), but not US- ASCII (the initially selected character set), to avoid conflict with UTF-8. The default is "true", to provide support for various legacy applications. wideBoldFont (class WideBoldFont) This option specifies the font to be used for displaying bold wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font that will be used to draw bold text. If no double-width font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the bold font. wideChars (class WideChars) Specifies if xterm should respond to control sequences that process 16-bit characters. The default is "false". wideFont (class WideFont) This option specifies the font to be used for displaying wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font that will be used to draw normal text. If no double-width font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the normal font. xftMaxGlyphMemory (class XftMaxGlyphMemory) Set the Xft library's limit on glyph memory (typically 4Mb). When it reaches this limit, it discards "randomly chosen" glyphs to make room for new ones. The default is "0" to use Xft's default value. xftMaxUnrefFonts (class XftMaxUnrefFonts) Set the Xft library's limit on fonts which have been loaded (typically 16), e.g., matching patterns for fallback searches, but are not actually used. The default is "0" to use Xft's default value. xftTrackMemUsage (class XftTrackMemUsage) Enables glyph memory tracking (introduced in Xft 2.3.5), which allows Xft to efficiently discard obsolete data when running short of memory. The default is "false". ximFont (class XimFont) This option specifies the font to be used for displaying the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot" input method. In "OverTheSpot" preedit type, the preedit (preconversion) string is displayed at the position of the cursor. It is the XIM server's responsibility to display the preedit string. The XIM client must inform the XIM server of the cursor position. For best results, the preedit string must be displayed with a proper font. Therefore, xterm informs the XIM server of the proper font. The font is be supplied by a "fontset", whose default value is "*". This matches every font, the X library automatically chooses fonts with proper charsets. The ximFont resource is provided to override this default font setting. Tek4014 Widget Resources The following resources are specified as part of the tek4014 widget (class Tek4014). These are specified by patterns such as "XTerm.tek4014.NAME": font2 (class Font) Specifies font number 2 to use in the Tektronix window. font3 (class Font) Specifies font number 3 to use in the Tektronix window. fontLarge (class Font) Specifies the large font to use in the Tektronix window. fontSmall (class Font) Specifies the small font to use in the Tektronix window. ginTerminator (class GinTerminator) Specifies what character(s) should follow a GIN report or status report. The possibilities are "none", which sends no terminating characters, "CRonly", which sends CR, and "CR&EOT", which sends both CR and EOT. The default is "none". height (class Height) Specifies the height of the Tektronix window in pixels. initialFont (class InitialFont) Specifies which of the four Tektronix fonts to use initially. Values are the same as for the set-tek-text action. The default is "large". width (class Width) Specifies the width of the Tektronix window in pixels. Menu Resources The resources that may be specified for the various menus are described in the documentation for the Athena SimpleMenu widget. The name and classes of the entries in each of the menus are listed below. Resources named "lineN" where N is a number are separators with class SmeLine. As with all X resource-based widgets, the labels mentioned are customary defaults for the application. The Main Options menu (widget name mainMenu) has the following entries: toolbar (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-toolbar(toggle) action. securekbd (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the secure() action. allowsends (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-send-events(toggle) action. redraw (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the redraw() action. logging (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the logging(toggle) action. print-immediate (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the print-immediate() action. print-on-error (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the print-on-error() action. print (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the print() action. print-redir (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the print-redir() action. dump-html (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the dump-html() action. dump-svg (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the dump-svg() action. 8-bit-control (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-8-bit-control(toggle) action. backarrow key (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-backarrow(toggle) action. num-lock (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-num-lock(toggle) action. alt-esc (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the alt-sends-escape(toggle) action. meta-esc (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the meta-sends-escape(toggle) action. delete-is-del (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the delete-is-del(toggle) action. oldFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-old-function-keys(toggle) action. hpFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-hp-function-keys(toggle) action. scoFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-sco-function-keys(toggle) action. sunFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-sun-function-keys(toggle) action. sunKeyboard (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the sunKeyboard(toggle) action. suspend (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the send-signal(tstp) action on systems that support job control. continue (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the send-signal(cont) action on systems that support job control. interrupt (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the send-signal(int) action. hangup (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the send-signal(hup) action. terminate (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the send-signal(term) action. kill (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the send-signal(kill) action. quit (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the quit() action. The VT Options menu (widget name vtMenu) has the following entries: scrollbar (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-scrollbar(toggle) action. jumpscroll (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-jumpscroll(toggle) action. reversevideo (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-reverse-video(toggle) action. autowrap (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-autowrap(toggle) action. reversewrap (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-reversewrap(toggle) action. autolinefeed (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-autolinefeed(toggle) action. appcursor (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-appcursor(toggle) action. appkeypad (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-appkeypad(toggle) action. scrollkey (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-key(toggle) action. scrollttyoutput (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-tty-output(toggle) action. allow132 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-allow132(toggle) action. cursesemul (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-cursesemul(toggle) action. keepSelection (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-keep-selection(toggle) action. selectToClipboard (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-keep-clipboard(toggle) action. visualbell (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-visual-bell(toggle) action. bellIsUrgent (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-bellIsUrgent(toggle) action. poponbell (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-pop-on-bell(toggle) action. cursorblink (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-cursorblink(toggle) action. titeInhibit (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-titeInhibit(toggle) action. activeicon (class SmeBSB) This entry toggles active icons on and off if this feature was compiled into xterm. It is enabled only if xterm was started with the command line option +ai or the activeIcon resource is set to "true". softreset (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the soft-reset() action. hardreset (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the hard-reset() action. clearsavedlines (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the clear-saved-lines() action. tekshow (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle) action. tekmode (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(tek) action. vthide (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,off) action. altscreen (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-altscreen(toggle) action. sixelScrolling (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-sixel-scrolling(toggle) action. privateColorRegisters (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-private-colors(toggle) action. The VT Fonts menu (widget name fontMenu) has the following entries: fontdefault (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(d) action, setting the font using the font (default) resource, e.g., "Default" in the menu. font1 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(1) action, setting the font using the font1 resource, e.g., "Unreadable" in the menu. font2 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(2) action, setting the font using the font2 resource, e.g., "Tiny" in the menu. font3 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(3) action, setting the font using the font3 resource, e.g., "Small" in the menu. font4 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(4) action, letting the font using the font4 resource, e.g., "Medium" in the menu. font5 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(5) action, letting the font using the font5 resource, e.g., "Large" in the menu. font6 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(6) action, letting the font using the font6 resource, e.g., "Huge" in the menu. font7 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(7) action, letting the font using the font7 resource, e.g., "Enormous" in the menu. fontescape (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(e) action. fontsel (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-vt-font(s) action. allow-bold-fonts (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-bold-fonts(toggle) action. font-linedrawing (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-font-linedrawing(s) action. font-packed (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-font-packed(s) action. font-doublesize (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-font-doublesize(s) action. render-font (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-render-font(s) action. utf8-fonts (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-utf8-fonts(s) action. utf8-mode (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-utf8-mode(s) action. utf8-title (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-utf8-title(s) action. allow-color-ops (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-color-ops(toggle) action. allow-font-ops (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-font-ops(toggle) action. allow-mouse-ops (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-mouse-ops(toggle) action. allow-tcap-ops (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-tcap-ops(toggle) action. allow-title-ops (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-title-ops(toggle) action. allow-window-ops (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the allow-window-ops(toggle) action. The Tek Options menu (widget name tekMenu) has the following entries: tektextlarge (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-tek-text(large) action. tektext2 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-tek-text(2) action. tektext3 (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-tek-text(3) action. tektextsmall (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-tek-text(small) action. tekpage (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the tek-page() action. tekreset (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the tek-reset() action. tekcopy (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the tek-copy() action. vtshow (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,toggle) action. vtmode (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(vt) action. tekhide (class SmeBSB) This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle) action. Scrollbar Resources The following resources are useful when specified for the Athena Scrollbar widget: background (class Background) Specifies the color to use for the background of the scrollbar. foreground (class Foreground) Specifies the color to use for the foreground of the scrollbar. thickness (class Thickness) Specifies the width in pixels of the scrollbar (default: 14). This may be overridden by the width resource. thumb (class Thumb) The default "thumb" pixmap used for the scrollbar is a simple checkerboard pattern alternating pixels for foreground and background color. width (class Width) Specifies the width in pixels of the scrollbar (default: 0). The widget checks the width resource first, using the thickness value if the width is zero. POINTER USAGE Once the VTxxx window is created, xterm allows you to select text and copy it within the same or other windows using the pointer or the keyboard. A "pointer" could be a mouse, touchpad or similar device. X applications generally do not care, since they see only button events which have o position and o button up/down state Xterm can see these events as long as it has focus. The keyboard also supplies events, but it is less flexible than the pointer for selecting/copying text. Events are applied to actions using the translations resource. See Actions for a complete list, and Default Key Bindings for the built-in set of translations resources. Selection Functions By default, the selection functions are invoked when the pointer buttons are used with no modifiers, and when they are used with the "shift" key. The "shift" key is special, because xterm uses that to ensure that selection functions are still available when it is programmed to send escape sequences in one of the mouse modes (see Xterm Control Sequences, as well as the resource disallowedMouseOps). At startup, xterm inspects the translations resource to see which pointer buttons may be used in this way, and remembers these buttons when deciding whether to send escape sequences or perform selection when those buttons are used with the "shift" modifier. Other pointer buttons, e.g., typically those sent for wheel mouse events, are not affected. The assignment of the functions described below to keys and buttons may be changed through the resource database; see Actions below. Pointer button one (usually left) is used to save text into the cut buffer: ~Meta :select-start() Move the cursor to beginning of the text, and then hold the button down while moving the cursor to the end of the region and releasing the button. The selected text is highlighted and is saved in the global cut buffer and made the selection when the button is released: :select-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n Normally (but see the discussion of on2Clicks, etc): o Double-clicking selects by words. o Triple-clicking selects by lines. o Quadruple-clicking goes back to characters, etc. Multiple-click is determined by the time from button up to button down, so you can change the selection unit in the middle of a selection. Logical words and lines selected by double- or triple- clicking may wrap across more than one screen line if lines were wrapped by xterm itself rather than by the application running in the window. If the key/button bindings specify that an X selection is to be made, xterm will leave the selected text highlighted for as long as it is the selection owner. Pointer button two (usually middle) "types" (pastes) the text from the given selection, if any, otherwise from the cut buffer, inserting it as keyboard input: ~Ctrl ~Meta :insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) Pointer button three (usually right) extends the current selection. ~Ctrl ~Meta :start-extend() (Without loss of generality, you can swap "right" and "left" everywhere in the rest of this paragraph.) If pressed while closer to the right edge of the selection than the left, it extends/contracts the right edge of the selection. If you contract the selection past the left edge of the selection, xterm assumes you really meant the left edge, restores the original selection, then extends/contracts the left edge of the selection. Extension starts in the selection unit mode that the last selection or extension was performed in; you can multiple-click to cycle through them. By cutting and pasting pieces of text without trailing new lines, you can take text from several places in different windows and form a command to the shell, for example, or take output from a program and insert it into your favorite editor. Since cut buffers are globally shared among different applications, you may regard each as a "file" whose contents you know. The terminal emulator and other text programs should be treating it as if it were a text file, i.e., the text is delimited by new lines. Scrolling The scroll region displays the position and amount of text currently showing in the window (highlighted) relative to the amount of text actually saved. As more text is saved (up to the maximum), the size of the highlighted area decreases. Clicking button one with the pointer in the scroll region moves the adjacent line to the top of the display window. Clicking button three moves the top line of the display window down to the pointer position. Clicking button two moves the display to a position in the saved text that corresponds to the pointer's position in the scrollbar. Tektronix Pointer Unlike the VTxxx window, the Tektronix window does not allow the copying of text. It does allow Tektronix GIN mode, and in this mode the cursor will change from an arrow to a cross. Pressing any key will send that key and the current coordinate of the cross cursor. Pressing button one, two, or three will return the letters "l", "m", and "r", respectively. If the "shift" key is pressed when a pointer button is pressed, the corresponding upper case letter is sent. To distinguish a pointer button from a key, the high bit of the character is set (but this is bit is normally stripped unless the terminal mode is RAW; see tty(4) for details). SELECT/PASTE X clients provide select and paste support by responding to requests conveyed by the X server. The X server holds data in "atoms" which correspond to the different types of selection (PRIMARY, SECONDARY, CLIPBOARD) as well as the similar cut buffer mechanism (CUT_BUFFER0 to CUT_BUFFER7). Those are documented in the ICCCM. The ICCCM deals with the underlying mechanism for select/paste. It does not mention highlighting. The selection is not the same as highlighting. Xterm (like many applications) uses highlighting to show you the currently selected text. An X application may own a selection, which allows it to be the source of data copied using a given selection atom Xterm may continue owning a selection after it stops highlighting (see keepSelection). Xterm provides selection data using the cells of characters which it displays. It fills those cells using sequences of bytes and control sequences: o By default, xterm uses UTF-8 encoding if your locale uses that encoding. The utf8 and locale resources control that behavior. When decoding UTF-8, xterm may compose certain base- and combining- characters. Use the precompose resource to enable or disable this feature. Xterm has other resources for specialized encoding needs, including allowC1Printable, showMissingGlyphs, and utf8Weblike. o Xterm stores base- and combining characters for each cell in its window. It does not store the sequence of bytes which composed those characters. Selection uses the characters which xterm stores in each cell. If the selection target accepts UTF-8, xterm copies all of the base- and combining characters to the target. If the selection target does not accept UTF-8, e.g., to a cut buffer, xterm copies only what the target accepts, using the defaultString resource to fill cells which cannot be represented in the target. o All of the cells in xterm's window are uninitialized at first. Erasing the screen makes the cells uninitialized. Uninitialized cells are displayed as spaces. By default, selecting rows on xterm's window will highlight all of the cells that the pointer traverses while you select. If the highlightSelection resource is set, xterm will not highlight trailing uninitialized cells on the selected rows. The trimSelection resource allows you to discard trailing blanks from each selected row, both from uninitialized cells as well as those written by an application. o As xterm writes characters in its window, and wraps text at the right margin, it remembers that the text was wrapped. Use the showWrapMarks resource to show this in the window. PRIMARY When configured to use the primary selection (the default), xterm can provide the selection data in ways which help to retain character encoding information as it is pasted. The PRIMARY token is a standard X feature, documented in the ICCCM (Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual), which states The selection named by the atom PRIMARY is used for all commands that take only a single argument and is the principal means of communication between clients that use the selection mechanism. A user "selects" text on xterm, which highlights the selected text. A subsequent "paste" to another client forwards a request to the client owning the selection. If xterm owns the primary selection, it makes the data available in the form of one or more "selection targets". If it does not own the primary selection, e.g., if it has released it or another client has asserted ownership, it relies on cut-buffers to pass the data. But cut-buffers handle only ISO-8859-1 data (officially - some clients ignore the rules). CLIPBOARD When configured to use the clipboard (using the selectToClipboard resource), the problem with persistence of ownership is bypassed. Otherwise, there is no difference regarding the data which can be passed via selection. The selectToClipboard resource is a compromise, allowing CLIPBOARD to be treated almost like PRIMARY, unlike the ICCCM, which describes CLIPBOARD in different terms than PRIMARY or SECONDARY. Its lengthy explanation begins with the essential points: The selection named by the atom CLIPBOARD is used to hold data that is being transferred between clients, that is, data that usually is being cut and then pasted or copied and then pasted. Whenever a client wants to transfer data to the clipboard: o It should assert ownership of the CLIPBOARD. o If it succeeds in acquiring ownership, it should be prepared to respond to a request for the contents of the CLIPBOARD in the usual way (retaining the data to be able to return it). The request may be generated by the clipboard client described below. SELECT However, many applications use CLIPBOARD in imitation of other windowing systems. The selectToClipboard resource (and corresponding menu entry Select to Clipboard) introduce the SELECT token (known only to xterm) which chooses between the PRIMARY and CLIPBOARD tokens. Without using this feature, one can use workarounds such as the xclip program to show the contents of the X clipboard within an xterm window. SECONDARY This is used less often than PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD. According to the ICCCM, it is used o As the second argument to commands taking two arguments (for example, "exchange primary and secondary selections") o As a means of obtaining data when there is a primary selection and the user does not want to disturb it Selection Targets The different types of data which are passed depend on what the receiving client asks for. These are termed selection targets. When asking for the selection data, xterm tries the following types in this order: UTF8_STRING This is an XFree86 extension, which denotes that the data is encoded in UTF-8. When xterm is built with wide-character support, it both accepts and provides this type. TEXT the text is in the encoding which corresponds to your current locale. COMPOUND_TEXT this is a format for multiple character set data, such as multi-lingual text. It can store UTF-8 data as a special case. STRING This is Latin 1 (ISO-8859-1) data. The middle two (TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT) are added if xterm is configured with the i18nSelections resource set to "true". UTF8_STRING is preferred (therefore first in the list) since xterm stores text as Unicode data when running in wide-character mode, and no translation is needed. On the other hand, TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT may require translation. If the translation is incomplete, they will insert X's "defaultString" whose value cannot be set, and may simply be empty. Xterm's defaultString resource specifies the string to use for incomplete translations of the UTF8_STRING. You can alter the types which xterm tries using the eightBitSelectTypes or utf8SelectTypes resources. For instance, you might have some specific locale setting which does not use UTF-8 encoding. The resource value is a comma-separated list of the selection targets, which consist of the names shown. You can use the special name I18N to denote the optional inclusion of TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT. The names are matched ignoring case, and can be abbreviated. The default list can be expressed in several ways, e.g., UTF8_STRING,I18N,STRING utf8,i18n,string u,i,s Mouse Protocol Applications can send escape sequences to xterm to cause it to send escape sequences back to the computer when you press a pointer button, or even (depending on which escape sequence) send escape sequences back to the computer as you move the pointer. These escape sequences and the responses, called the mouse protocol, are documented in XTerm Control Sequences. They do not appear in the actions invoked by the translations resource because the resource does not change while you run xterm, whereas applications can change the mouse prototol (i.e., enable, disable, use different modes). However, the mouse protocol is interpreted within the actions that are usually associated with the pointer buttons. Xterm ignores the mouse protocol in the insert-selection action if the shift-key is pressed at the same time. It also modifies a few other actions if the shift-key is pressed, e.g., suppressing the response with the pointer position, though not eliminating changes to the selected text. MENUS Xterm has four menus, named mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu, and tekMenu. Each menu pops up under the correct combinations of key and button presses. Each menu is divided into sections, separated by a horizontal line. Some menu entries correspond to modes that can be altered. A check mark appears next to a mode that is currently active. Selecting one of these modes toggles its state. Other menu entries are commands; selecting one of these performs the indicated function. All of the menu entries correspond to X actions. In the list below, the menu label is shown followed by the action's name in parenthesis. Main Options The xterm mainMenu pops up when the "control" key and pointer button one are pressed in a window. This menu contains items that apply to both the VTxxx and Tektronix windows. There are several sections: Commands for managing X events: Toolbar (resource toolbar) Clicking on the "Toolbar" menu entry hides the toolbar if it is visible, and shows it if it is not. Secure Keyboard (resource securekbd) The Secure Keyboard mode is helpful when typing in passwords or other sensitive data in an unsecure environment (see SECURITY below, but read the limitations carefully). Allow SendEvents (resource allowsends) Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button events generated using the X protocol SendEvent request should be interpreted or discarded. This corresponds to the allowSendEvents resource. Redraw Window (resource redraw) Forces the X display to repaint; useful in some environments. Commands for capturing output: Log to File (resource logging) Captures text sent to the screen in a log file, as in the -l logging option. Print-All Immediately (resource print-immediate) Invokes the print-immediate action, sending the text of the current window directly to a file, as specified by the printFileImmediate, printModeImmediate and printOptsImmediate resources. Print-All on Error (resource print-on-error) Invokes the print-on-error action, which toggles a flag telling xterm that if it exits with an X error, to send the text of the current window directly to a file, as specified by the printFileOnXError, printModeOnXError and printOptsOnXError resources. Print Window (resource print) Sends the text of the current window to the program given in the printerCommand resource. Redirect to Printer (resource print-redir) This sets the printerControlMode to 0 or 2. You can use this to turn the printer on as if an application had sent the appropriate control sequence. It is also useful for switching the printer off if an application turns it on without resetting the print control mode. XHTML Screen Dump (resource dump-html) Available only when compiled with screen dump support. Invokes the dump-html action. This creates an XHTML file matching the contents of the current screen, including the border, internal border, colors and most attributes: bold, italic, underline, faint, strikeout, reverse; blink is rendered as white-on-red; double underline is rendered the same as underline since there is no portable equivalent in CSS 2.2. The font is whatever your browser uses for preformatted (
) elements.  The XHTML file references a  cascading
                     style  sheet  (CSS) named "xterm.css" that you can create
                     to select a font or override properties.

                     The following CSS selectors are used  with  the  expected
                     default behavior in the XHTML file:

                     .ul for underline,
                     .bd for bold,
                     .it for italic,
                     .st for strikeout,
                     .lu for strikeout combined with underline.

                     In addition you may use

                     .ev to affect even numbered lines and
                     .od to affect odd numbered lines.

                     Attributes  faint,  reverse  and blink are implemented as
                     style attributes setting color  properties.   All  colors
                     are  specified  as  RGB  percentages  in order to support
                     displays with 10 bits per RGB.

                     The name of the file will be

                         xterm.yyyy.MM.dd.hh.mm.ss.xhtml

                     where yyyy, MM, dd, hh, mm and ss are  the  year,  month,
                     day,  hour,  minute  and  second when the screen dump was
                     performed (the file is created in the directory xterm  is
                     started in, or the home directory for a login xterm).

                     The  dump-html  action  can  also  be triggered using the
                     Media Copy control sequence CSI 1 0 i, for example from a
                     shell script with

                         printf '\033[10i'

                     Only the UTF-8 encoding is supported.

              SVG Screen Dump (resource dump-svg)
                     Available only when compiled with  screen  dump  support.
                     Invokes  the  dump-svg  action.   This creates a Scalable
                     Vector Graphics (SVG) file matching the contents  of  the
                     current  screen,  including  the border, internal border,
                     colors and  most  attributes:  bold,  italic,  underline,
                     double  underline,  faint,  strikeout,  reverse; blink is
                     rendered as white-on-red.   The  font  is  whatever  your
                     renderer  uses for the monospace font-family.  All colors
                     are specified as RGB  percentages  in  order  to  support
                     displays with 10 bits per RGB.

                     The name of the file will be

                         xterm.yyyy.MM.dd.hh.mm.ss.svg

                     where  yyyy,  MM,  dd, hh, mm and ss are the year, month,
                     day, hour, minute and second when  the  screen  dump  was
                     performed  (the file is created in the directory xterm is
                     started in, or the home directory for a login xterm).

                     The dump-svg action can also be triggered using the Media
                     Copy control sequence CSI 1 1 i, for example from a shell
                     script with

                         printf '\033[11i'

                     Only the UTF-8 encoding is supported.

       Modes for setting keyboard style:

              8-Bit Controls (resource 8-bit-control)
                     Enabled for VT220 emulation, this controls whether  xterm
                     will send 8-bit control sequences rather than using 7-bit
                     (ASCII)  controls,  e.g.,  sending  a  byte  in the range
                     128-159 rather than the escape character  followed  by  a
                     second  byte.   Xterm  always  interprets  both 8-bit and
                     7-bit control sequences (see  Xterm  Control  Sequences).
                     This corresponds to the eightBitControl resource.

              Backarrow Key (BS/DEL) (resource backarrow key)
                     Modifies  the  behavior  of  the backarrow key, making it
                     transmit  either  a  backspace  (8)   or   delete   (127)
                     character.    This   corresponds   to   the  backarrowKey
                     resource.

              Alt/NumLock Modifiers (resource num-lock)
                     Controls the treatment of Alt- and NumLock-key modifiers.
                     This corresponds to the numLock resource.

              Meta Sends Escape (resource meta-esc)
                     Controls whether Meta keys  are  converted  into  a  two-
                     character  sequence with the character itself preceded by
                     ESC.  This corresponds to the metaSendsEscape resource.

              Delete is DEL (resource delete-is-del)
                     Controls whether the Delete key  on  the  editing  keypad
                     should  send  DEL  (127) or the VT220-style Remove escape
                     sequence.  This corresponds to the deleteIsDEL resource.

              Old Function-Keys (resource oldFunctionKeys)

              HP Function-Keys (resource hpFunctionKeys)

              SCO Function-Keys (resource scoFunctionKeys)

              Sun Function-Keys (resource sunFunctionKeys)

              VT220 Keyboard (resource sunKeyboard)
                     These act as a radio-button, selecting one style for  the
                     keyboard layout.  The layout corresponds to more than one
                     resource     setting:    sunKeyboard,    sunFunctionKeys,
                     scoFunctionKeys and hpFunctionKeys.

       Commands for process signalling:

              Send STOP Signal (resource suspend)

              Send CONT Signal (resource continue)

              Send INT Signal (resource interrupt)

              Send HUP Signal (resource hangup)

              Send TERM Signal (resource terminate)

              Send KILL Signal (resource kill)
                     These send the SIGTSTP, SIGCONT, SIGINT, SIGHUP,  SIGTERM
                     and SIGKILL signals respectively, to the process group of
                     the process running under xterm (usually the shell).  The
                     SIGCONT  function  is  especially  useful if the user has
                     accidentally typed CTRL-Z, suspending the process.

              Quit (resource quit)
                     Stop processing X events  except  to  support  the  -hold
                     option,  and  then  send  a  SIGHUP signal to the process
                     group of the process running  under  xterm  (usually  the
                     shell).

   VT Options
       The  xterm  vtMenu  sets  various  modes in the VTxxx emulation, and is
       popped up when the "control" key and pointer button two are pressed  in
       the VTxxx window.

       VTxxx Modes:

              Enable Scrollbar (resource scrollbar)
                     Enable  (or  disable) the scrollbar.  This corresponds to
                     the -sb option and the scrollBar resource.

              Enable Jump Scroll (resource jumpscroll)
                     Enable (or disable) jump scrolling.  This corresponds  to
                     the -j option and the jumpScroll resource.

              Enable Reverse Video (resource reversevideo)
                     Enable  (or  disable) reverse-video.  This corresponds to
                     the -rv option and the reverseVideo resource.

              Enable Auto Wraparound (resource autowrap)
                     Enable (or disable) auto-wraparound.  This corresponds to
                     the -aw option and the autoWrap resource.

              Enable Reverse Wraparound (resource reversewrap)
                     Enable (or disable) reverse wraparound.  This corresponds
                     to the -rw option and the reverseWrap resource.

              Enable Auto Linefeed (resource autolinefeed)
                     Enable (or disable) auto-linefeed.  This is the VT102 NEL
                     function, which causes the emulator to emit a  line  feed
                     after  each  carriage  return.  There is no corresponding
                     command-line option or resource setting.

              Enable Application Cursor Keys (resource appcursor)
                     Enable  (or  disable)  application  cursor  keys.    This
                     corresponds  to  the appcursorDefault resource.  There is
                     no corresponding command-line option.

              Enable Application Keypad (resource appkeypad)
                     Enable  (or  disable)  application  keypad  keys.    This
                     corresponds  to  the appkeypadDefault resource.  There is
                     no corresponding command-line option.

              Scroll to Bottom on Key Press (resource scrollkey)
                     Enable (or  disable)  scrolling  to  the  bottom  of  the
                     scrolling  region on a keypress.  This corresponds to the
                     -sk option and the scrollKey resource.

                     As a special case, the XON /  XOFF  keys  (control/S  and
                     control/Q) are ignored.

              Scroll to Bottom on Tty Output (resource scrollttyoutput)
                     Enable  (or  disable)  scrolling  to  the  bottom  of the
                     scrolling  region  on  output  to  the  terminal.    This
                     corresponds  to  the  -si  option and the scrollTtyOutput
                     resource.

              Allow 80/132 Column Switching (resource allow132)
                     Enable (or disable) switching between 80 and 132 columns.
                     This  corresponds  to  the  -132  option  and  the   c132
                     resource.

              Keep Selection (resource keepSelection)
                     Tell  xterm whether to disown the selection when it stops
                     highlighting it, e.g., when an application  modifies  the
                     display  so  that it no longer matches the text which has
                     been highlighted.  As long as xterm continues to own  the
                     selection   for   a   given  atom,  it  can  provide  the
                     corresponding text to other  clients  which  request  the
                     selection using that atom.

                     This corresponds to the keepSelection resource.  There is
                     no corresponding command-line option.

                     Telling  xterm  to  not  disown  the  selection  does not
                     prevent other applications from taking ownership  of  the
                     selection.     When    that   happens,   xterm   receives
                     notification that this  has  happened,  and  removes  its
                     highlighting.

                     See SELECT/PASTE for more information.

              Select to Clipboard (resource selectToClipboard)
                     Tell  xterm  whether  to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD for
                     SELECT tokens in the  translations  resource  which  maps
                     keyboard and mouse actions to select/paste actions.

                     This   corresponds  to  the  selectToClipboard  resource.
                     There is no corresponding command-line option.

                     The keepSelection resource setting applies  to  CLIPBOARD
                     selections  just  as  it  does  for  PRIMARY  selections.
                     However  some  window  managers   treat   the   clipboard
                     specially.    For   instance,  XQuartz's  synchronization
                     between the OSX pasteboard and the X11  clipboard  causes
                     applications  to  lose  the  selection ownership for that
                     atom when a selection is copied to the clipboard.

                     See SELECT/PASTE for more information.

              Enable Visual Bell (resource visualbell)
                     Enable (or disable) visible bell (i.e., flashing) instead
                     of an audible bell.  This corresponds to the  -vb  option
                     and the visualBell resource.

              Enable Bell Urgency (resource bellIsUrgent)
                     Enable  (or  disable)  Urgency  window  manager hint when
                     Control-G  is  received.    This   corresponds   to   the
                     bellIsUrgent resource.

              Enable Pop on Bell (resource poponbell)
                     Enable  (or disable) raising of the window when Control-G
                     is received.  This corresponds to the -pop option and the
                     popOnBell resource.

              Enable Blinking Cursor (resource cursorblink)
                     Enable (or disable) the  blinking-cursor  feature.   This
                     corresponds   to  the  -bc  option  and  the  cursorBlink
                     resource.  There are also  escape  sequences  (see  Xterm
                     Control Sequences):

                     o   If the cursorBlinkXOR resource is set, the menu entry
                         and the escape sequence states will be XOR'd: if both
                         are  enabled,  the cursor will not blink, if only one
                         is enabled, the cursor will blink.

                     o   If the cursorBlinkXOR is not set; if either the  menu
                         entry  or  the  escape  sequence  states are set, the
                         cursor will blink.

                     In either case, the checkbox for the menu shows the state
                     of the cursorBlink resource, which may not correspond  to
                     what the cursor is actually doing.

              Enable Alternate Screen Switching (resource titeInhibit)
                     Enable  (or  disable)  switching  between  the normal and
                     alternate screens.  This corresponds to  the  titeInhibit
                     resource.  There is no corresponding command-line option.

              Enable Active Icon (resource activeicon)
                     Enable   (or  disable)  the  active-icon  feature.   This
                     corresponds  to  the  -ai  option  and   the   activeIcon
                     resource.

              Sixel Scrolling (resource sixelScrolling)
                     This  corresponds to the sixelScrolling resource.  It can
                     also be turned off and on using the private  mode  DECSDM
                     (Sixel Display Mode).

                     o   When  enabled,  xterm  draws  sixel  graphics  at the
                         current text cursor  location,  scrolling  the  image
                         vertically  if  it  is  larger  than  the screen, and
                         leaving the text cursor at the  same  column  in  the
                         next  complete line after the image when returning to
                         text mode

                         This is the default, which corresponds to  the  reset
                         state of DECSDM.

                     o   When disabled, xterm draws sixel graphics starting at
                         the  upper  left  of  the screen, cropping to fit the
                         screen, and does not alter the text cursor location.

                         This corresponds to the set state of DECSDM.

                     There is no corresponding command-line option.

              Private Color Registers (resource privateColorRegisters)
                     If xterm is configured to support  ReGIS  graphics,  this
                     controls whether a private color palette can be used.

                     When  enabled,  each graphic image uses a separate set of
                     color registers, so that it  essentially  has  a  private
                     palette  (this  is  the  default).  If it is not set, all
                     graphics images share a common set of registers which  is
                     how  sixel  and ReGIS graphics worked on actual hardware.
                     The default is  likely  a  more  useful  mode  on  modern
                     TrueColor hardware.

                     This  corresponds  to the privateColorRegisters resource.
                     There is no corresponding command-line option.

       VTxxx Commands:

              Do Soft Reset (resource softreset)
                     This corresponds to the VT220 DECSTR control sequence.  A
                     soft reset leaves the contents of the window intact,  but
                     resets modes which affect subsequent updates:

                     Soft reset differs from full reset in a minor detail:

                     o   Set  the  saved  cursor  position  to  the upper-left
                         corner of the window.

                     o   Exit from the status-line without erasing it.

                     Both soft/full resets do the following:

                     o   Make the cursor visible, with shape  reset  according
                         to the cursorUnderLine and cursorBar resources.

                     o   Enable or disable the cursor-blinking state according
                         to  the  cursorBlink  resource,  and  set  the Enable
                         Blinking Cursor menu checkmark to match.

                     o   Reset   video   attributes,   e.g.,   bold,   italic,
                         underline, blink.

                     o   Reset  the  ANSI  color  mode  to  the  xterm default
                         foreground and background.

                     o   Reset the 256-color palette to its initial state.

                     o   Reset  the  selected  character  set,  e.g.,   ASCII,
                         alternate  character  set.   The  UTF-8 modes are not
                         changed.

                     o   Reset ECMA-48 KAM.

                     o   Reset    DECCKM    and    DECKPAM    per    resources
                         appcursorDefault and appkeypadDefault.

                     o   Reset key-format and key-modifier modes to the values
                         set by resources, i.e.,

                             formatCursorKeys,             formatFunctionKeys,
                             formatKeypadKeys,             formatModifierKeys,
                             formatOtherKeys, and formatSpecialKeys.

                         as well as

                             modifyCursorKeys,             modifyFunctionKeys,
                             modifyKeyboard,                 modifyKeypadKeys,
                             modifyModifierKeys,      modifyOtherKeys,     and
                             modifySpecialKeys.

                     o   Reset origin mode (DECOM).

                     o   Reset all margins (i.e., top/bottom and  left/right).
                         This can be convenient when some program has left the
                         scroll regions set incorrectly.

                     o   Set  autowrap  and  reverse wrapping according to the
                         resource values autoWrap and reverseWrap.

                     o   Reset checksum  extension  to  the  checksumExtension
                         resource.

              Do Full Reset (resource hardreset)
                     A full reset does this in addition to a soft reset:

                     o   Clear the window.

                     o   Reset tab stops to every eight columns.

                     o   Reset the screen to match the reverseVideo resource.

                     o   Resize  the  screen  to 80 columns if 132-column mode
                         was initially enabled with the c132 resource.

                     o   Reset  scrolling  (jump  versus   smooth)   per   the
                         jumpScroll resource.

                     o   Enable  linefeed  mode (ECMA-48 LNM) and send/receive
                         mode (ECMA-48 SRM).

                     o   Reset DEC user-defined keys (DECUDK).

                     o   Disable application mode for cursor- and  keypad-keys
                         (DECCKM, DECKPAM).

                     o   Reset   menu   entry  8-bit  Controls,  per  resource
                         eightBitControl.

                     o   Reset  interpretation  of  the  backarrow  key,   per
                         initial resource settings.

                     o   Set  the  keyboard  type  according  to the resources
                         keyboardType,    hpFunctionKeys,     scoFunctionKeys,
                         sunFunctionKeys,  tcapFunctionKeys, oldXtermFKeys and
                         sunKeyboard.

                     o   Turn mouse tracking off.

                     o   Reset  title  and   pointer   modes   per   resources
                         titleModes and pointerMode.

                     o   Reset the readline and bracketed paste modes.

                     o   Discard  all  SIXEL  and  ReGIS  graphics  data  from
                         memory.

                     o   Reset sixelScrolling and  privateColorRegisters  from
                         initial resource values.

                     o   Set  DECSDM  if  the sixelScrolling resource is true.
                         Otherwise, reset DECSDM.

                     A full reset does this, unlike a soft reset:

                     o   Move the cursor  to  the  upper-left  corner  of  the
                         window, and then save that position.

                     o   Hide  the  status-line,  setting  its display-type to
                         "none".

              Reset and Clear Saved Lines (resource clearsavedlines)
                     Perform a full reset, and also clear the saved lines.

                     This corresponds to the VT102 RIS control sequence,  with
                     a  few obvious differences.  For example, your session is
                     not disconnected as a real VT102 would do.

       Commands for setting the current screen:

              Show Tek Window (resource tekshow)
                     When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up (makes it
                     visible).   When  disabled,  hides  the  Tektronix   4014
                     window.

              Switch to Tek Mode (resource tekmode)
                     When  enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up if it is
                     not already visible, and switches  the  input  stream  to
                     that  window.   When  disabled,  hides the Tektronix 4014
                     window and switches input back to the VTxxx window.

              Hide VT Window (resource vthide)
                     When enabled, hides the VTxxx window, shows the Tektronix
                     4014 window if it was not already  visible  and  switches
                     the  input  stream  to that window.  When disabled, shows
                     the VTxxx window, and switches the input stream  to  that
                     window.

              Show Alternate Screen (resource altscreen)
                     When enabled, shows the alternate screen.  When disabled,
                     shows the normal screen.  Note that the normal screen may
                     have saved lines; the alternate screen does not.

   VT Fonts
       The  xterm  fontMenu  pops up when the "control" key and pointer button
       three are pressed in a window.  It sets the  font  used  in  the  VTxxx
       window,  or modifies the way the font is specified or displayed.  There
       are several sections.

       The first section  allows  you  to  select  the  font  from  a  set  of
       alternatives:

              Default (resource fontdefault)
                     Set  the  font  to  the  default, i.e., that given by the
                     *VT100.font resource.

              Unreadable (resource font1)
                     Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font1 resource.

              Tiny (resource font2)
                     Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font2 resource.

              Small (resource font3)
                     Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font3 resource.

              Medium (resource font4)
                     Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font4 resource.

              Large (resource font5)
                     Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font5 resource.

              Huge (resource font6)
                     Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font6 resource.

              Enormous (resource font7)
                     Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font7 resource.

              Escape Sequence (resource fontescape)
                     This allows you to set the font last specified by the Set
                     Font escape sequence (see Xterm Control Sequences).

              Selection (resource fontsel)
                     This allows you to set the  font  specified  the  current
                     selection  as  a  font  name (if the PRIMARY selection is
                     owned).

       The second section allows you to modify the way it is displayed:

              Bold Fonts (resource allow-bold-fonts)
                     This is  normally  checked  (enabled).   When  unchecked,
                     xterm  will  not  use  bold  fonts.   The  menu selection
                     modifies the allowBoldFonts resource.

              Line-Drawing Characters (resource font-linedrawing)
                     When set,  tells  xterm  to  draw  its  own  line-drawing
                     characters.   Otherwise  it relies on the font containing
                     these.  The menu  selection  modifies  the  forceBoxChars
                     resource.

              Packed Font (resource font-packed)
                     When set, tells xterm to use the minimum glyph-width from
                     a font when displaying characters.  Use the maximum width
                     (unchecked) to help display proportional fonts.  The menu
                     selection modifies the forcePackedFont resource.

              Doublesized Characters (resource font-doublesize)
                     When set, xterm may ask the font server to produce scaled
                     versions  of  the  normal  font,  for  VT102  double-size
                     characters.

       The third section allows you to modify the way it is specified:

              TrueType Fonts (resource render-font)
                     If the renderFont and corresponding resources  were  set,
                     this is a further control whether xterm will actually use
                     the Xft library calls to obtain a font.

              UTF-8 Encoding (resource utf8-mode)
                     This  controls  whether  xterm  uses  UTF-8  encoding  of
                     input/output.  It is  useful  for  temporarily  switching
                     xterm  to display text from an application which does not
                     follow the locale settings.  It corresponds to  the  utf8
                     resource.

              UTF-8 Fonts (resource utf8-fonts)
                     This controls whether xterm uses UTF-8 fonts for display.
                     It  is  useful for temporarily switching xterm to display
                     text from an application which does not follow the locale
                     settings.  It combines the utf8 and utf8Fonts  resources,
                     subject to the locale resource.

              UTF-8 Titles (resource utf8-title)
                     This  controls  whether  xterm accepts UTF-8 encoding for
                     title control sequences.  It corresponds to the utf8Fonts
                     resource.

                     Initially the checkmark is set according to both the utf8
                     and utf8Fonts resource values.  If the latter is  set  to
                     "always",  the checkmark is disabled.  Likewise, if there
                     are no fonts given in the  utf8Fonts  subresources,  then
                     the checkmark also is disabled.

                     The standard XTerm app-defaults file defines both sets of
                     fonts,  while  the  UXTerm app-defaults file defines only
                     one set.  Assuming the standard app-defaults files,  this
                     command  will  launch  xterm able to switch between UTF-8
                     and ISO-8859-1 encoded fonts:

                         uxterm -class XTerm

       The fourth section allows you to enable or disable  special  operations
       which  can  be  controlled by writing escape sequences to the terminal.
       These are disabled if the SendEvents feature is enabled:

              Allow Color Ops (resource allow-color-ops)
                     This corresponds to the allowColorOps  resource.   Enable
                     or disable control sequences that set/query the colors.

              Allow Font Ops (resource allow-font-ops)
                     This corresponds to the allowFontOps resource.  Enable or
                     disable control sequences that set/query the font.

              Allow Mouse Ops (resource allow-mouse-ops)
                     Enable  or  disable  control  sequences  that  cause  the
                     terminal to send escape sequences on  pointer-clicks  and
                     movement.    This   corresponds   to   the  allowMouseOps
                     resource.

              Allow Tcap Ops (resource allow-tcap-ops)
                     Enable  or  disable  control  sequences  that  query  the
                     terminal's notion of its function-key strings, as termcap
                     or   terminfo  capabilities.   This  corresponds  to  the
                     allowTcapOps resource.

              Allow Title Ops (resource allow-title-ops)
                     Enable or  disable  control  sequences  that  modify  the
                     window  title  or  icon  name.   This  corresponds to the
                     allowTitleOps resource.

              Allow Window Ops (resource allow-window-ops)
                     Enable or disable extended window control  sequences  (as
                     used  in dtterm).  This corresponds to the allowWindowOps
                     resource.

   Tek Options
       The xterm tekMenu sets various modes in the Tektronix emulation, and is
       popped up when the "control" key and pointer button two are pressed  in
       the  Tektronix  window.   The current font size is checked in the modes
       section of the menu.

              Large Characters (resource tektextlarge)

              #2 Size Characters (resource tektext2)

              #3 Size Characters (resource tektext3)

              Small Characters (resource tektextsmall)

       Commands:

              PAGE (resource tekpage)
                     Simulates the Tektronix "PAGE" button by

                     o   clearing the window,

                     o   cancelling the graphics input-mode, and

                     o   moving the cursor to the home position.

              RESET (resource tekreset)
                     Unlike the similarly-named Tektronix "RESET" button, this
                     does everything that PAGE does as well as  resetting  the
                     line-type and font-size to their default values.

              COPY (resource tekcopy)
                     Simulates  the  Tektronix  "COPY"  button  (which makes a
                     hard-copy of the screen) by writing the information to  a
                     text file.

       Windows:

              Show VT Window (resource vtshow)

              Switch to VT Mode (resource vtmode)

              Hide Tek Window (resource tekhide)

SECURITY
       X environments differ in their security consciousness.

       o   Most  servers, run under xdm, are capable of using a "magic cookie"
           authorization  scheme  that  can  provide  a  reasonable  level  of
           security  for  many  people.   If your server is only using a host-
           based mechanism to control access to  the  server  (see  xhost(1)),
           then  if  you  enable  access  for  a host and other users are also
           permitted to run clients on that same host,  it  is  possible  that
           someone can run an application which uses the basic services of the
           X  protocol  to  snoop  on your activities, potentially capturing a
           transcript of everything you type at the keyboard.

       o   Any process which has access to your X display can manipulate it in
           ways that you might not anticipate, even redirecting your  keyboard
           to  itself  and sending events to your application's windows.  This
           is true even with the "magic cookie" authorization  scheme.   While
           the   allowSendEvents   provides   some  protection  against  rogue
           applications tampering  with  your  programs,  guarding  against  a
           snooper is harder.

       o   The  X input extension for instance allows an application to bypass
           all of the other (limited)  authorization  and  security  features,
           including the GrabKeyboard protocol.

       o   The  possibility  of an application spying on your keystrokes is of
           particular concern when you want to type in  a  password  or  other
           sensitive  data.   The  best  solution  to this problem is to use a
           better authorization mechanism than is provided by X.

       Subject to  all  of  these  caveats,  a  simple  mechanism  exists  for
       protecting keyboard input in xterm.

       The  xterm  menu  (see  MENUS  above)  contains a Secure Keyboard entry
       which, when enabled, attempts to ensure  that  all  keyboard  input  is
       directed only to xterm (using the GrabKeyboard protocol request).  When
       an  application  prompts  you for a password (or other sensitive data),
       you can enable Secure Keyboard using the menu, type in  the  data,  and
       then disable Secure Keyboard using the menu again.

       o   This   ensures  that  you  know  which  window  is  accepting  your
           keystrokes.

       o   It cannot ensure that there are no processes which have  access  to
           your X display that might be observing the keystrokes as well.

       Only  one X client at a time can grab the keyboard, so when you attempt
       to enable Secure Keyboard it may fail.  In this  case,  the  bell  will
       sound.   If the Secure Keyboard succeeds, the foreground and background
       colors will be exchanged (as if you selected the Enable  Reverse  Video
       entry  in  the  Modes menu); they will be exchanged again when you exit
       secure mode.  If the colors do not switch,  then  you  should  be  very
       suspicious  that  you  are  being  spoofed.  If the application you are
       running displays a prompt before asking for the password, it is  safest
       to enter secure mode before the prompt gets displayed, and to make sure
       that  the  prompt  gets  displayed  correctly  (in  the new colors), to
       minimize the probability of spoofing.  You can also bring up  the  menu
       again and make sure that a check mark appears next to the entry.

       Secure  Keyboard  mode  will  be  disabled  automatically if your xterm
       window becomes iconified (or otherwise unmapped), or if you start up  a
       reparenting window manager (that places a title bar or other decoration
       around  the  window) while in Secure Keyboard mode.  (This is a feature
       of the X  protocol  not  easily  overcome.)   When  this  happens,  the
       foreground  and  background  colors  will be switched back and the bell
       will sound in warning.

CHARACTER CLASSES
       Clicking the left pointer button twice  in  rapid  succession  (double-
       clicking) causes all characters of the same class (e.g., letters, white
       space, punctuation) to be selected as a "word".  Since different people
       have  different  preferences  for what should be selected (for example,
       should filenames be selected as a whole or only the separate subnames),
       the default mapping can be overridden through the use of the  charClass
       (class CharClass) resource.

       This resource is a series of comma-separated range:value pairs.

       o   The  range  is either a single number or low-high in the range of 0
           to 65535, corresponding to the code for the character or characters
           to be set.

       o   The value is arbitrary.  For example, the default  table  uses  the
           character number of the first character occurring in the set.  When
           not in UTF-8 mode, only the first 256 entries of this table will be
           used.

       The default table starts as follows -

           static int charClass[256] = {
           /* NUL  SOH  STX  ETX  EOT  ENQ  ACK  BEL */
               32,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /*  BS   HT   NL   VT   NP   CR   SO   SI */
                1,  32,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /* DLE  DC1  DC2  DC3  DC4  NAK  SYN  ETB */
                1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /* CAN   EM  SUB  ESC   FS   GS   RS   US */
                1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /*  SP    !    "    #    $    %    &    ' */
               32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,
           /*   (    )    *    +    ,    -    .    / */
               40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,
           /*   0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7 */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   8    9    :    ;    <    =    >    ? */
               48,  48,  58,  59,  60,  61,  62,  63,
           /*   @    A    B    C    D    E    F    G */
               64,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   X    Y    Z    [    \    ]    ^    _ */
               48,  48,  48,  91,  92,  93,  94,  48,
           /*   `    a    b    c    d    e    f    g */
               96,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   h    i    j    k    l    m    n    o */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   p    q    r    s    t    u    v    w */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   x    y    z    {    |    }    ~  DEL */
               48,  48,  48, 123, 124, 125, 126,   1,
           /* x80  x81  x82  x83  IND  NEL  SSA  ESA */
                1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /* HTS  HTJ  VTS  PLD  PLU   RI  SS2  SS3 */
                1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /* DCS  PU1  PU2  STS  CCH   MW  SPA  EPA */
                1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /* x98  x99  x9A  CSI   ST  OSC   PM  APC */
                1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
           /*   -    i   c/    L   ox   Y-    |   So */
              160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
           /*  ..   c0   ip   <<    _        R0    - */
              168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175,
           /*   o   +-    2    3    '    u   q|    . */
              176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,
           /*   ,    1    2   >>  1/4  1/2  3/4    ? */
              184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
           /*  A`   A'   A^   A~   A:   Ao   AE   C, */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*  E`   E'   E^   E:   I`   I'   I^   I: */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*  D-   N~   O`   O'   O^   O~   O:    X */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48, 215,
           /*  O/   U`   U'   U^   U:   Y'    P    B */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*  a`   a'   a^   a~   a:   ao   ae   c, */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*  e`   e'   e^   e:   i`   i'   i^   i: */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,
           /*   d   n~   o`   o'   o^   o~   o:   -: */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48, 247,
           /*  o/   u`   u'   u^   u:   y'    P   y: */
               48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48,  48};

              For  example,  the string "33:48,37:48,45-47:48,38:48" indicates
              that the exclamation mark, percent sign,  dash,  period,  slash,
              and  ampersand  characters  should  be  treated  the same way as
              characters and numbers.  This is useful for cutting and  pasting
              electronic mailing addresses and filenames.

KEY BINDINGS
       It  is  possible  to  rebind  keys  (or sequences of keys) to arbitrary
       strings for input, by changing the translations resources for the vt100
       or tek4014 widgets.  Changing  the  translations  resource  for  events
       other  than  key  and  button  events  is  not expected, and will cause
       unpredictable behavior.

   Actions
       The following actions are provided for use within the vt100 or  tek4014
       translations resources:

       allow-bold-fonts(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the allowBoldFonts resource
               and is also invoked by the allow-bold-fonts entry in fontMenu.

       allow-color-ops(on/off/toggle)
               This  action sets, unsets or toggles the allowColorOps resource
               and is also invoked by the allow-color-ops entry in fontMenu.

       allow-font-ops(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the  allowFontOps  resource
               and is also invoked by the allow-font-ops entry in fontMenu.

       allow-mouse-ops(on/off/toggle)
               This  action sets, unsets or toggles the allowMouseOps resource
               and is also invoked by the allow-mouse-ops entry in fontMenu.

       allow-send-events(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the   allowSendEvents
               resource  and  is  also  invoked  by  the  allowsends  entry in
               mainMenu.

       allow-tcap-ops(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the  allowTcapOps  resource
               and is also invoked by the allow-tcap-ops entry in fontMenu.

       allow-title-ops(on/off/toggle)
               This  action sets, unsets or toggles the allowTitleOps resource
               and is also invoked by the allow-title-ops entry in fontMenu.

       allow-window-ops(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the allowWindowOps resource
               and is also invoked by the allow-window-ops entry in fontMenu.

       alt-sends-escape()
               This action toggles the state of the altSendsEscape resource.

       bell([percent])
               This action rings the keyboard bell at the specified percentage
               above or below the base volume.

       clear-saved-lines()
               This action does hard-reset() and also clears  the  history  of
               lines saved off the top of the screen.  It is also invoked from
               the  clearsavedlines  entry in vtMenu.  The effect is identical
               to a hardware reset (RIS) control sequence.

       copy-selection(destname [, ...])
               This action puts the currently selected text into  all  of  the
               selections   or   cutbuffers  specified  by  destname.   Unlike
               select-end, it does not send  a  mouse  position  or  otherwise
               modify the internal selection state.

       create-menu(m/v/f/t)
               This  action  creates one of the menus used by xterm, if it has
               not been previously created.  The parameter values are the menu
               names: mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu, tekMenu, respectively.

       dabbrev-expand()
               Expands the word before cursor by searching  in  the  preceding
               text  on  the  screen  and  in  the scrollback buffer for words
               starting with that  abbreviation.   Repeating  dabbrev-expand()
               several times in sequence searches for an alternative expansion
               by looking farther back.  Lack of more matches is signaled by a
               bell.   Attempts  to expand an empty word (i.e., when cursor is
               preceded by a space) yield  successively  all  previous  words.
               Consecutive identical expansions are ignored.  The word here is
               defined  as  a  sequence  of  non-whitespace  characters.  This
               feature   partially   emulates   the   behavior   of   "dynamic
               abbreviation" expansion in Emacs (bound there to M-/).  Here is
               a resource setting for xterm which will do the same thing:

                   *VT100*translations:    #override \n\
                           Meta  /:dabbrev-expand()

       deiconify()
               Changes the window state back to normal, if it was iconified.

       delete-is-del()
               This action toggles the state of the deleteIsDEL resource.

       dired-button()
               Handles  a  button  event  (other  than  press  and release) by
               echoing the event's position (i.e., character line and  column)
               in the following format:

                   ^X ESC G  

       dump-html()
               Invokes the XHTML Screen Dump feature.

       dump-svg()
               Invokes the SVG Screen Dump feature.

       exec-formatted(format, sourcename [, ...])
               Execute  an  external  command, using the current selection for
               part of the command's parameters.  The first parameter,  format
               gives  the  basic  command.   Succeeding parameters specify the
               selection source as in insert-selection.

               The format parameter allows these substitutions:

               %%   inserts a "%".

               %P   the screen-position at the beginning  of  the  highlighted
                    region,  as  a  semicolon-separated pair of integers using
                    the values that the CUP control sequence would use.

               %p   the screen-position after the beginning of the highlighted
                    region, using the same convention as "%P".

               %S   the length of the string that "%s" would insert.

               %s   the content of the selection, unmodified.

               %T   the length of the string that "%t" would insert.

               %t   the selection,  trimmed  of  leading/trailing  whitespace.
                    Embedded spaces (and newlines) are copied as is.

               %R   the length of the string that "%r" would insert.

               %r   the selection, trimmed of trailing whitespace.

               %V   the  video  attributes at the beginning of the highlighted
                    region, as a semicolon-separated list  of  integers  using
                    the values that the SGR control sequence would use.

               %v   the  video  attributes  after  the  end of the highlighted
                    region, using the same convention as "%V".

               After constructing the command-string, xterm forks a subprocess
               and executes the  command,  which  completes  independently  of
               xterm.

               For  example, this translation would invoke a new xterm process
               to view a file whose name is selected while holding  the  shift
               key  down.  The new process is started when the mouse button is
               released:

                   *VT100*translations: #override Shift \
                       :exec-formatted("xterm -e view '%t'", SELECT)

       exec-selectable(format, onClicks)
               Execute an external command, using data copied from the  screen
               for  part  of  the  command's parameters.  The first parameter,
               format gives the  basic  command  as  in  exec-formatted.   The
               second  parameter  specifies the method for copying the data as
               in the on2Clicks resource.

       fullscreen(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the fullscreen resource.

       hard-reset()
               This action resets the scrolling region, tabs, window size, and
               cursor keys and clears the screen.  It is also invoked from the
               hardreset entry in vtMenu.

       iconify()
               Iconifies the window.

       ignore()
               This action ignores the event but checks  for  special  pointer
               position escape sequences.

       insert()
               This action inserts the character or string associated with the
               key that was pressed.

       insert-eight-bit()
               This   action  inserts  an  eight-bit  (Meta)  version  of  the
               character or string associated with the key that  was  pressed.
               Only  single-byte  values  are  treated  specially.   The exact
               action depends on the  value  of  the  altSendsEscape  and  the
               metaSendsEscape   and   the   eightBitInput   resources.    The
               metaSendsEscape   resource   is   tested   first.    See    the
               eightBitInput resource for a full discussion.

               The  term "eight-bit" is misleading: xterm checks if the key is
               in the range 128 to 255 (the eighth bit is set).  If the  value
               is  in  that range, depending on the resource values, xterm may
               then do one of the following:

               o   add 128 to the value, setting its eighth bit,

               o   send an ESC byte before the key, or

               o   send the key unaltered.

       insert-formatted(format, sourcename [, ...])
               Insert the current selection or data related to it,  formatted.
               The  first parameter, format gives the template for the data as
               in exec-formatted.  Succeeding parameters specify the selection
               source as in insert-selection.

       insert-selectable(format, onClicks)
               Insert data copied  from  the  screen,  formatted.   The  first
               parameter,  format  gives  the  template  for  the  data  as in
               exec-formatted.  The second parameter specifies the method  for
               copying the data as in the on2Clicks resource.

       insert-selection(sourcename [, ...])
               This  action  inserts  the  string  found  in  the selection or
               cutbuffer indicated by sourcename.  Sources are checked in  the
               order   given   (case  is  significant)  until  one  is  found.
               Commonly-used  selections  include:  PRIMARY,  SECONDARY,   and
               CLIPBOARD.  Cut buffers are typically named CUT_BUFFER0 through
               CUT_BUFFER7.

       insert-seven-bit()
               This action is a synonym for insert().  The term "seven-bit" is
               misleading:  it only implies that xterm does not try to add 128
               to the key's value as in insert-eight-bit().

       interpret(control-sequence)
               Interpret the given control  sequence  locally,  i.e.,  without
               passing  it  to  the host.  This works by inserting the control
               sequence at the front of the input buffer.  Use "\"  to  escape
               octal  digits  in  the  string.  Xt does not allow you to put a
               null character (i.e., "\000") in the string.

       keymap(name)
               This action dynamically defines a new translation  table  whose
               resource   name   is  name  with  the  suffix  "Keymap"  (i.e.,
               nameKeymap, where case is significant).  The name None restores
               the original translation table.

       larger-vt-font()
               Set the font  to  the  next  larger  one,  based  on  the  font
               dimensions.  See also set-vt-font().

       load-vt-fonts(name[,class])
               Load fontnames from the given subresource name and class.  That
               is, load the "*VT100.name.font", resource as "*VT100.font" etc.
               If no name is given, the original set of fontnames is restored.

               Unlike  set-vt-font(),  this  does  not  affect the escape- and
               select-fonts, since those are not based on resource values.  It
               does affect the fonts loosely  organized  under  the  "Default"
               menu    entry,   including   font,   boldFont,   wideFont   and
               wideBoldFont.

       maximize()
               Resizes the window to fill the screen.

       meta-sends-escape()
               This action toggles the state of the metaSendsEscape resource.

       pointer-button()
               Use this action as a fall-back  to  handle  button  press-  and
               release-events for the mouse control sequence protocol when the
               selection-related   translations   are   suppressed   with  the
               omitTranslation resource.

       pointer-motion()
               Use this action as a fall-back to handle motion-events for  the
               mouse  control  sequence  protocol  when  the selection-related
               translations are suppressed with the omitTranslation resource.

       popup-menu(menuname)
               This action displays the specified  popup  menu.   Valid  names
               (case is significant) include:  mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu, and
               tekMenu.

       print(printer-flags)
               This action prints the window.  It is also invoked by the print
               entry in mainMenu.

               The  action  accepts  optional  parameters,  which  temporarily
               override resource settings.  The parameter values  are  matched
               ignoring case:

               noFormFeed
                    no  form  feed  will  be  sent at the end of the last line
                    printed (i.e., printerFormFeed is "false").

               FormFeed
                    a form feed will be sent at  the  end  of  the  last  line
                    printed (i.e., printerFormFeed is "true").

               noNewLine
                    no  newline  will  be  sent  at  the  end of the last line
                    printed, and wrapped lines  will  be  combined  into  long
                    lines (i.e., printerNewLine is "false").

               NewLine
                    a  newline  will  be  sent  at  the  end  of the last line
                    printed, and each  line  will  be  limited  (by  adding  a
                    newline)  to  the  screen  width  (i.e., printerNewLine is
                    "true").

               noAttrs
                    the   page   is   printed   without   attributes    (i.e.,
                    printAttributes is "0").

               monoAttrs
                    the  page  is  printed  with monochrome (vt220) attributes
                    (i.e., printAttributes is "1").

               colorAttrs
                    the page is printed  with  ANSI  color  attributes  (i.e.,
                    printAttributes is "2").

       print-everything(printer-flags)
               This  action  sends the entire text history, in addition to the
               text  currently  visible,  to  the   program   given   in   the
               printerCommand   resource.    It   allows   the  same  optional
               parameters as  the  print  action.   With  a  suitable  printer
               command,  the action can be used to load the text history in an
               editor.

       print-immediate()
               Sends the text of the current window directly  to  a  file,  as
               specified  by  the  printFileImmediate,  printModeImmediate and
               printOptsImmediate resources.

       print-on-error()
               Toggles a flag telling xterm that if it exits with an X  error,
               to  send  the text of the current window directly to a file, as
               specified  by  the  printFileOnXError,  printModeOnXError   and
               printOptsOnXError resources.

       print-redir()
               This  action  toggles  the  printerControlMode between 0 and 2.
               The corresponding popup menu entry is useful for switching  the
               printer off if you happen to change your mind after deciding to
               print random binary files on the terminal.

       quit()
               This  action sends a SIGHUP to the subprogram and exits.  It is
               also invoked by the quit entry in mainMenu.

       readline-button()
               Supports the optional  readline  feature  by  echoing  repeated
               cursor  forward or backward control sequences on button release
               event, to request that the host application update  its  notion
               of the cursor's position to match the button event.

       redraw()
               This  action  redraws  the  window.   It is also invoked by the
               redraw entry in mainMenu.

       restore()
               Restores the window to the size before it was last maximized.

       scroll-back(count [,units [,mouse] ])
               This action scrolls the text window backward so that text  that
               had  previously  scrolled  off  the  top  of  the screen is now
               visible.

               The count argument indicates the number of units (which may  be
               page,  halfpage,  pixel,  or  line)  by which to scroll.  If no
               count parameter is given, xterm uses the number of lines  given
               by the scrollLines resource.

               An  adjustment  can be specified for the page or halfpage units
               by appending a "+" or "-" sign  followed  by  a  number,  e.g.,
               page-2 to specify 2 lines less than a page.

               If the second parameter is omitted "lines" is used.

               If  the  third  parameter mouse is given, the action is ignored
               when mouse reporting is enabled.

       scroll-forw(count [,units [,mouse] ])
               This action is similar to scroll-back except that it scrolls in
               the other direction.

       scroll-lock(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles internal state which  tells
               xterm   whether   Scroll   Lock   is  active,  subject  to  the
               allowScrollLock resource.

       scroll-to(count)
               Scroll to the given line  relative  to  the  beginning  of  the
               saved-lines.   For instance, "scroll-to(0)" would scroll to the
               beginning.  Two special nonnumeric parameters are recognized:

               scroll-to(begin)
                       Scroll to the beginning of the saved lines.

               scroll-to(end)
                       Scroll to the end of the  saved  lines,  i.e.,  to  the
                       currently active page.

       secure()
               This  action  toggles  the Secure Keyboard mode (see SECURITY),
               and is invoked from the securekbd entry in mainMenu.

       select-cursor-end(destname [, ...])
               This action is similar to select-end except that it  should  be
               used with select-cursor-start.

       select-cursor-extend()
               This  action  is similar to select-extend except that it should
               be used with select-cursor-start.

       select-cursor-start()
               This action is similar to select-start except  that  it  begins
               the selection at the current text cursor position.

       select-end(destname [, ...])
               This  action  puts  the currently selected text into all of the
               selections or cutbuffers specified by destname.  It also  sends
               a  mouse  position  and updates the internal selection state to
               reflect the end of the selection process.

       select-extend()
               This action tracks the pointer and extends the  selection.   It
               should only be bound to Motion events.

       select-set()
               This  action  stores  text  that  corresponds  to  the  current
               selection, without affecting the selection mode.

       select-start()
               This action  begins  text  selection  at  the  current  pointer
               location.   See the section on POINTER USAGE for information on
               making selections.

               If xterm is configured to support block-selection, this  action
               accepts  a  parameter "block" which initiates a block-selection
               rather than the default character-oriented selection.

       send-signal(signame)
               This action sends the signal named  by  signame  to  the  xterm
               subprocess  (the shell or program specified with the -e command
               line option).  It is also invoked  by  the  suspend,  continue,
               interrupt,  hangup,  terminate,  and  kill entries in mainMenu.
               Allowable signal names are (case is not significant): tstp  (if
               supported  by  the  operating  system), suspend (same as tstp),
               cont (if supported by the operating system),  int,  hup,  term,
               quit, alrm, alarm (same as alrm) and kill.

       set-8-bit-control(on/off/toggle)
               This   action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the  eightBitControl
               resource.  It is also invoked from the 8-bit-control  entry  in
               vtMenu.

       set-allow132(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets, unsets or toggles the c132 resource.  It is
               also invoked from the allow132 entry in vtMenu.

       set-altscreen(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles between the  alternate  and
               current screens.

       set-appcursor(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets or toggles the handling Application
               Cursor Key mode and is also invoked by the appcursor  entry  in
               vtMenu.

       set-appkeypad(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the handling of Application
               Keypad  mode  and  is  also  invoked  by the appkeypad entry in
               vtMenu.

       set-autolinefeed(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles automatic insertion of line
               feeds.  It is also invoked by the autolinefeed entry in vtMenu.

       set-autowrap(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles automatic wrapping of  long
               lines.  It is also invoked by the autowrap entry in vtMenu.

       set-backarrow(on/off/toggle)
               This  action sets, unsets or toggles the backarrowKey resource.
               It is also invoked from the backarrow key entry in vtMenu.

       set-bellIsUrgent(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the bellIsUrgent  resource.
               It is also invoked by the bellIsUrgent entry in vtMenu.

       set-cursesemul(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the curses resource.  It is
               also invoked from the cursesemul entry in vtMenu.

       set-cursorblink(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets, unsets or toggles the cursorBlink resource.
               It is also invoked from the cursorblink entry in vtMenu.

       set-font-doublesize(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles   the   fontDoublesize
               resource.   It  is also invoked by the font-doublesize entry in
               fontMenu.

       set-font-linedrawing(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the xterm's state regarding
               whether  the  current  font  has  line-drawing  characters  and
               whether  it  should  draw them directly.  It is also invoked by
               the font-linedrawing entry in fontMenu.

       set-font-packed(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the   forcePackedFont
               resource  which  controls  use of the font's minimum or maximum
               glyph width.  It is also invoked by the  font-packed  entry  in
               fontMenu.

       set-hp-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
               This   action   sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the  hpFunctionKeys
               resource.  It is also invoked by the  hpFunctionKeys  entry  in
               mainMenu.

       set-jumpscroll(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets or toggles the jumpscroll resource.
               It is also invoked by the jumpscroll entry in vtMenu.

       set-keep-clipboard(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the keepClipboard resource.

       set-keep-selection(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the keepSelection resource.
               It is also invoked by the keepSelection entry in vtMenu.

       set-logging(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the state  of  the  logging
               option.

       set-marginbell(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the marginBell resource.

       set-num-lock(on/off/toggle)
               This action toggles the state of the numLock resource.

       set-old-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the  state  of legacy
               function keys.  It is also invoked by the oldFunctionKeys entry
               in mainMenu.

       set-pop-on-bell(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the popOnBell resource.  It
               is also invoked by the poponbell entry in vtMenu.

       set-private-colors(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles  the  privateColorRegisters
               resource.

       set-render-font(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets or toggles the renderFont resource.
               It is also invoked by the render-font entry in fontMenu.

       set-reverse-video(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the reverseVideo  resource.
               It is also invoked by the reversevideo entry in vtMenu.

       set-reversewrap(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets, unsets or toggles the reverseWrap resource.
               It is also invoked by the reversewrap entry in vtMenu.

       set-sco-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the   scoFunctionKeys
               resource.   It  is also invoked by the scoFunctionKeys entry in
               mainMenu.

       set-scroll-on-key(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the scrollKey resource.  It
               is also invoked from the scrollkey entry in vtMenu.

       set-scroll-on-tty-output(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the   scrollTtyOutput
               resource.  It is also invoked from the scrollttyoutput entry in
               vtMenu.

       set-scrollbar(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the scrollbar resource.  It
               is also invoked by the scrollbar entry in vtMenu.

       set-select(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the selectToClipboard
               resource.  It is also invoked by the selectToClipboard entry in
               vtMenu.

       set-sixel-scrolling(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  toggles  between  inline  (sixel  scrolling)  and
               absolute  positioning.   It  can  also  be  controlled  via DEC
               private mode 80 (DECSDM) or from the  sixelScrolling  entry  in
               the btMenu.

       set-sun-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
               This   action  sets,  unsets  or  toggles  the  sunFunctionKeys
               resource.  It is also invoked by the sunFunctionKeys  entry  in
               mainMenu.

       set-sun-keyboard(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets, unsets or toggles the sunKeyboard resource.
               It is also invoked by the sunKeyboard entry in mainMenu.

       set-tek-text(large/2/3/small)
               This action sets the font used in the Tektronix window  to  the
               value  of the selected resource according to the argument.  The
               argument can be either a keyword  or  single-letter  alias,  as
               shown in parentheses:

               large (l)
                    Use resource fontLarge, same as menu entry tektextlarge.

               two (2)
                    Use resource font2, same as menu entry tektext2.

               three (3)
                    Use resource font3, same as menu entry tektext3.

               small (s)
                    Use resource fontSmall, same as menu entry tektextsmall.

       set-terminal-type(type)
               This  action  directs  output  to either the vt or tek windows,
               according to the type  string.   It  is  also  invoked  by  the
               tekmode entry in vtMenu and the vtmode entry in tekMenu.

       set-titeInhibit(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets, unsets or toggles the titeInhibit resource,
               which controls switching  between  the  alternate  and  current
               screens.

       set-toolbar(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the toolbar feature.  It is
               also invoked by the toolbar entry in mainMenu.

       set-utf8-fonts(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the utf8Fonts resource.  It
               is also invoked by the utf8-fonts entry in fontMenu.

       set-utf8-mode(on/off/toggle)
               This  action  sets, unsets or toggles the utf8 resource.  It is
               also invoked by the utf8-mode entry in fontMenu.

       set-utf8-title(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles the utf8Title resource.  It
               is also invoked by the utf8-title entry in fontMenu.

       set-visibility(vt/tek,on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles whether or not  the  vt  or
               tek  windows  are visible.  It is also invoked from the tekshow
               and vthide entries in vtMenu and the vtshow and tekhide entries
               in tekMenu.

       set-visual-bell(on/off/toggle)
               This action sets, unsets or toggles  the  visualBell  resource.
               It is also invoked by the visualbell entry in vtMenu.

       set-vt-font(d/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/e/s [,normalfont [, boldfont]])
               This  action sets the font or fonts currently being used in the
               VTxxx window.  The first argument is a  single  character  that
               specifies the font to be used:


               d  or D indicate the default font (the font initially used when
                      xterm was started),

               1 through 7 indicate the fonts specified by the  font1  through
                      font7 resources,

               e  or  E  indicate the normal and bold fonts that have been set
                      through escape codes (or specified  as  the  second  and
                      third action arguments, respectively), and

               s or S indicate the font selection (as made by programs such as
                      xfontsel(1)) indicated by the second action argument.

               If   xterm   is  configured  to  support  wide  characters,  an
               additional two optional parameters are  recognized  for  the  e
               argument: wide font and wide bold font.

       smaller-vt-font()
               Set  the  font  to  the  next  smaller  one,  based on the font
               dimensions.  See also set-vt-font().

       soft-reset()
               This action resets the scrolling region.  It  is  also  invoked
               from the softreset entry in vtMenu.  The effect is identical to
               a soft reset (DECSTR) control sequence.

       spawn-new-terminal(params)
               Spawn  a new xterm process.  This is available on systems which
               have a modern version of the process filesystem, e.g., "/proc",
               which xterm can read.

               Use the "cwd" process entry, e.g.,  /proc/12345/cwd  to  obtain
               the  working  directory  of the process which is running in the
               current xterm.

               On  systems  which  have  the  "exe"   process   entry,   e.g.,
               /proc/12345/exe,  use  this  to  obtain  the actual executable.
               Otherwise, use the $PATH variable to find xterm.

               If parameters are given in the action, pass  them  to  the  new
               xterm process.

       start-cursor-extend()
               This  action  is  similar  to  select-extend  except  that  the
               selection is extended to the current text cursor position.

       start-extend()
               This  action  is  similar  to  select-start  except  that   the
               selection is extended to the current pointer location.

       string(string)
               This action inserts the specified text string as if it had been
               typed.    Quotation   is   necessary  if  the  string  contains
               whitespace  or  non-alphanumeric  characters.   If  the  string
               argument  begins with the characters "0x", it is interpreted as
               a hex character constant.

       tek-copy()
               This action copies  the  escape  codes  used  to  generate  the
               current  window  contents  to  a  file in the current directory
               beginning with the name COPY.  It  is  also  invoked  from  the
               tekcopy entry in tekMenu.

       tek-page()
               This action clears the Tektronix window.  It is also invoked by
               the tekpage entry in tekMenu.

       tek-reset()
               This action resets the Tektronix window.  It is also invoked by
               the tekreset entry in tekMenu.

       vi-button()
               Handles  a  button  event  (other  than  press  and release) by
               echoing a control  sequence  computed  from  the  event's  line
               number in the screen relative to the current line:

                   ESC ^P

               or

                   ESC ^N

               according  to whether the event is before, or after the current
               line, respectively.  The ^N (or ^P) is repeated once  for  each
               line that the event differs from the current line.  The control
               sequence  is  omitted  altogether if the button event is on the
               current line.

       visual-bell()
               This action flashes the window quickly.

       The Tektronix window also has the following action:

       gin-press(l/L/m/M/r/R)
               This action sends the indicated graphics input code.

   Default Key Bindings
       The default bindings in the VTxxx window use the SELECT token, which is
       set by the selectToClipboard resource.  These are for the vt100 widget:

                     Shift  Prior:scroll-back(1,halfpage) \n\
                      Shift  Next:scroll-forw(1,halfpage) \n\
                    Shift  Select:select-cursor-start() \
                                            select-cursor-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
                    Shift  Insert:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
                            Alt Return:fullscreen() \n\
                    Scroll_Lock:scroll-lock() \n\
               Shift~Ctrl  KP_Add:larger-vt-font() \n\
               Shift Ctrl  KP_Add:smaller-vt-font() \n\
               Shift  KP_Subtract:smaller-vt-font() \n\
                           ~Meta :insert-seven-bit() \n\
                            Meta :insert-eight-bit() \n\
                           !Ctrl :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
                      !Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
            !Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
                ! @Num_Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
                            Meta :select-start(block) \n\
                           ~Meta :select-start() \n\
                         ~Meta :select-extend() \n\
                           !Ctrl :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
                      !Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
            !Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
                ! @Num_Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
                     ~Ctrl ~Meta :ignore() \n\
                            Meta :clear-saved-lines() \n\
                       ~Ctrl ~Meta :insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
                           !Ctrl :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
                      !Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
            !Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
                ! @Num_Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
                     ~Ctrl ~Meta :start-extend() \n\
                         ~Meta :select-extend() \n\
                            Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
                       Lock Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
             Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
                  @Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
                                 :scroll-back(5,line,m)     \n\
                            Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
                       Lock Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
             Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
                  @Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
                                 :scroll-forw(5,line,m)     \n\
                                    :select-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
                                :pointer-motion() \n\
                                  :pointer-button() \n\
                                    :pointer-button() \n\
                                  :ignore()

       The default bindings in the Tektronix window  are  analogous  but  less
       extensive.  These are for the tek4014 widget:

                            ~Meta: insert-seven-bit() \n\
                             Meta: insert-eight-bit() \n\
                           !Ctrl : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
                      !Lock Ctrl : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
            !Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
                 !Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
                           !Ctrl : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
                      !Lock Ctrl : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
            !Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
                 !Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
                      Shift ~Meta: gin-press(L) \n\
                            ~Meta: gin-press(l) \n\
                      Shift ~Meta: gin-press(M) \n\
                            ~Meta: gin-press(m) \n\
                      Shift ~Meta: gin-press(R) \n\
                            ~Meta: gin-press(r)

   Custom Key Bindings
       You  can modify the translations resource by overriding parts of it, or
       merging your resources with it.

       Here is an example which uses  shifted  select/paste  to  copy  to  the
       clipboard,  and  unshifted  select/paste for the primary selection.  In
       each case, a (different) cut buffer is also a target or source  of  the
       select/paste  operation.  It is important to remember however, that cut
       buffers store data in ISO-8859-1 encoding, while selections  can  store
       data  in  a  variety  of  formats  and encodings.  While xterm owns the
       selection, it highlights it.  When it loses the selection,  it  removes
       the  corresponding  highlight.   But  you  can  still  paste  from  the
       corresponding cut buffer.

           *VT100*translations:    #override \n\
              ~Shift~Ctrl: insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
               Shift~Ctrl: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1) \n\
              ~Shift      : select-end(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
               Shift      : select-end(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1)

       In the example, the class name VT100 is used  rather  than  the  widget
       name.   These  are different; a class name could apply to more than one
       widget.  A leading "*" is used because the widget hierarchy  above  the
       vt100  widget  depends  on whether the toolbar support is compiled into
       xterm.

       Most of the predefined translations are related to the  mouse,  with  a
       few  that  use  some of the special keys on the keyboard.  Applications
       use  special  keys  (function-keys,  cursor-keys,   keypad-keys)   with
       modifiers  (shift, control, alt).  If xterm defines a translation for a
       given  combination  of  special  key  and  modifier,  that   makes   it
       unavailable for use by applications within the terminal.  For instance,
       one might extend the use of Page Up and Page Down keys seen here:

               Shift  Prior : scroll-back(1,halfpage) \n\
               Shift  Next  : scroll-forw(1,halfpage) \n\

       to the Home and End keys:

               Shift  Home : scroll-to(begin) \n\
               Shift  End  : scroll-to(end)

       but  then  shift-Home  and  shift-End  would  then  be  unavailable  to
       applications.

       Not everyone finds the three-button mouse bindings easy to use.   In  a
       wheel  mouse, the middle button might be the wheel.  As an alternative,
       you could add a binding using shifted keys:

           *VT100*translations:      #override \n\
               Shift Home:    copy-selection(SELECT) \n\
               Shift Insert:  copy-selection(SELECT) \n\
               Ctrl Shift C:  copy-selection(SELECT) \n\
               Ctrl Shift V:  insert-selection(SELECT)

       You would still use the left- and right-mouse buttons (typically 1  and
       3) for beginning and extending selections.

       Besides  mouse  problems,  there  are  also keyboards with inconvenient
       layouts.  Some lack a numeric keypad, making it hard to use the shifted
       keypad plus and minus bindings for switching between font  sizes.   You
       can  work around that by assigning the actions to more readily accessed
       keys:

           *VT100*translations:      #override \n\
               Ctrl  +:       larger-vt-font() \n\
               Ctrl  -:       smaller-vt-font()

       The keymap feature allows you to switch between sets  of  translations.
       The  sample  below  shows  how  the  keymap() action may be used to add
       special keys for entering commonly-typed words:

           *VT100.Translations: #override F13: keymap(dbx)
           *VT100.dbxKeymap.translations: \
                   F14:       keymap(None) \n\
                   F17:       string("next") \n\
                                   string(0x0d) \n\
                   F18:       string("step") \n\
                                   string(0x0d) \n\
                   F19:       string("continue") \n\
                                   string(0x0d) \n\
                   F20:       string("print ") \n\
                                   insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0)

   Default Scrollbar Bindings
       Key bindings are normally associated with the vt100 or tek4014  widgets
       which  act as terminal emulators.  Xterm's scrollbar (and toolbar if it
       is configured) are separate widgets.  Because  all  of  these  use  the
       X Toolkit,  they  have  corresponding  translations  resources.   Those
       resources  are  distinct,  and  match  different  patterns,  e.g.,  the
       differences  in  widget-name and number of levels of widgets which they
       may contain.

       The scrollbar widget is a child of the vt100 widget.  It is  positioned
       on  top  of the vt100 widget.  Toggling the scrollbar on and off causes
       the vt100 widget to resize.

       The default bindings for the scrollbar  widget  use  only  mouse-button
       events:

              : StartScroll(Forward) \n\
              : StartScroll(Forward) \n\
              : StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
              : StartScroll(Backward) \n\
              : StartScroll(Backward) \n\
              : MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
              :    NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()

       Events which the scrollbar widget does not recognize at all are lost.

       However, at startup, xterm augments these translations with the default
       translations  used  for  the  vt100  widget, together with the resource
       "actions" which those translations  use.   Because  the  scrollbar  (or
       menubar)  widgets  do not recognize these actions (but because it has a
       corresponding translation), they are passed on to the vt100 widget.

       This augmenting of the scrollbar's translations has a few limitations:

       o   Xterm knows what the default translations  are,  but  there  is  no
           suitable  library  interface  for determining what customizations a
           user may have added to the vt100 widget.  All that xterm can do  is
           augment the scrollbar widget to give it the same starting point for
           further customization by the user.

       o   Events in the gap between the widgets may be lost.

       o   Compose  sequences  begun  in one widget cannot be completed in the
           other, because the input methods  for  each  widget  do  not  share
           context information.

       Most  customizations  of  the scrollbar translations do not concern key
       bindings.  Rather, users are generally more interested in changing  the
       bindings  of  the mouse buttons.  For example, some people prefer using
       the left pointer button for dragging the scrollbar thumb.  That can  be
       set up by altering the translations resource, e.g.,

           *VT100.scrollbar.translations:  #override \n\
              :     StartScroll(Forward) \n\
              :     StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
              :     StartScroll(Backward) \n\
              :   MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
              :        NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()

CONTROL SEQUENCES AND KEYBOARD
       Applications can send sequences of characters to the terminal to change
       its behavior.  Often they are referred to as "ANSI escape sequences" or
       just plain "escape sequences" but both terms are misleading:

       o   ANSI x3.64 (obsolete) which was replaced by ISO 6429 (ECMA-48) gave
           rules for the format of these sequences of characters.

       o   While the original VT100 was claimed to be ANSI-compatible (against
           x3.64),  there  is no freely available version of the ANSI standard
           to show where the VT100  differs.   Most  of  the  documents  which
           mention  the ANSI standard have additions not found in the original
           (such as those based on ansi.sys).  So this discussion  focuses  on
           the ISO standards.

       o   The  standard  describes  only  sequences sent from the host to the
           terminal.  There is no standard for sequences sent by special  keys
           from  the  terminal  to  the host.  By convention (and referring to
           existing terminals), the format of those sequences usually conforms
           to the host-to-terminal standard.

       o   Some of xterm's sequences do not  fit  into  the  standard  scheme.
           Technically  those  are  "unspecified".   As an example, DEC Screen
           Alignment Test (DECALN) is this three-character sequence:

               ESC # 8

       o   Some sequences fit into the standard format, but are not listed  in
           the  standard.   These  include  the  sequences used for setting up
           scrolling margins and doing forward/reverse scrolling.

       o   Some  of  the  sequences  (in  particular,   the   single-character
           functions  such  as  tab  and  backspace) do not include the escape
           character.

       With all of that in mind, the standard refers  to  these  sequences  of
       characters as "control sequences".

       Xterm   Control   Sequences   lists  the  control  sequences  which  an
       application can send xterm to make it perform various operations.  Most
       of these operations are standardized, from either the DEC or  Tektronix
       terminals, or from more widely used standards such as ISO-6429.

       A few examples of usage are given in this section.

   Window and Icon Titles
       Some  scripts  use  echo  with  options  -e and -n to tell the shell to
       interpret the string "\e" as the escape character  and  to  suppress  a
       trailing  newline  on output.  Those are not portable, nor recommended.
       Instead, use printf(1) (POSIX).

       For example, to set the window title to "Hello world!", you  could  use
       one of these commands in a script:

           printf '\033]2;Hello world!\033\\'
           printf '\033]2;Hello world!\007'
           printf '\033]2;%s\033\\' "Hello world!"
           printf '\033]2;%s\007' "Hello world!"

       The printf(1) command interprets the octal value "\033" for escape, and
       (since  it  was  not given in the format) omits a trailing newline from
       the output.

       Some programs (such as screen(1)) set both window- and  icon-titles  at
       the same time, using a slightly different control sequence:

           printf '\033]0;Hello world!\033\\'
           printf '\033]0;Hello world!\007'
           printf '\033]0;%s\033\\' "Hello world!"
           printf '\033]0;%s\007' "Hello world!"

       The  difference  is  the  parameter  "0"  in each command.  Most window
       managers will honor either window title or icon title.  Some will  make
       a  distinction  and allow you to set just the icon title.  You can tell
       xterm to ask for  this  with  a  different  parameter  in  the  control
       sequence:

           printf '\033]1;Hello world!\033\\'
           printf '\033]1;Hello world!\007'
           printf '\033]1;%s\033\\' "Hello world!"
           printf '\033]1;%s\007' "Hello world!"

   Special Keys
       Xterm,  like  any VT100-compatible terminal emulator, has two modes for
       the special keys (cursor-keys, numeric keypad,  and  certain  function-
       keys):

       o   normal  mode,  which  makes  the  special  keys  transmit  "useful"
           sequences such as the control sequence for cursor-up when  pressing
           the up-arrow, and

       o   application  mode,  which  uses  a  different control sequence that
           cannot be mistaken for the "useful" sequences.

       The main difference between the two modes is that normal mode sequences
       start with CSI (escape [) and application mode sequences start with SS3
       (escape O).

       The terminal is initialized into one of these two  modes  (usually  the
       normal  mode), based on the terminal description (termcap or terminfo).
       The terminal description also has capabilities  (strings)  defined  for
       the keypad mode used in curses applications.

       There  is  a problem in using the terminal description for applications
       that are not  intended  to  be  full-screen  curses  applications:  the
       definitions of special keys are only correct for this keypad mode.  For
       example,  some  shells  (unlike ksh(1), which appears to be hard-coded,
       not even using termcap) allow their users  to  customize  key-bindings,
       assigning shell actions to special keys.

       o   bash(1)  allows constant strings to be assigned to functions.  This
           is only successful if the terminal is  initialized  to  application
           mode  by  default, because bash lacks flexibility in this area.  It
           uses a (less expressive than bash's)  readline  scripting  language
           for  setting  up  key  bindings,  which  relies  upon  the  user to
           statically enumerate the possible  bindings  for  given  values  of
           $TERM.

       o   zsh(1)  provides  an  analogous  feature,  but  it  accepts runtime
           expressions, as well as providing a $terminfo  array  for  scripts.
           In particular, one can use the terminal database, transforming when
           defining a key-binding.  By transforming the output so that CSI and
           SS3 are equated, zsh can use the terminal database to obtain useful
           definitions  for  its  command-line  use  regardless of whether the
           terminal uses normal or application mode  initially.   Here  is  an
           example:

               [[ "$terminfo[kcuu1]" == "^[O"* ]] && \
               bindkey -M viins "${terminfo[kcuu1]/O/[}" \
               vi-up-line-or-history

   Changing Colors
       A  few  shell  programs  provide the ability for users to add color and
       other video attributes to the shell prompt strings.  Users can do  this
       by  setting $PS1 (the primary prompt string).  Again, bash and zsh have
       provided features not found in ksh.  There is a problem,  however:  the
       prompt's  width  on  the screen will not necessarily be the same as the
       number of characters.  Because  there  is  no  guidance  in  the  POSIX
       standard, each shell addresses the problem in a different way:

       o   bash  treats  characters within "\[" and "\]" as nonprinting (using
           no width on the screen).

       o   zsh treats characters within "%{" and "%}" as nonprinting.

       In addition to the difference in syntax, the shells  provide  different
       methods for obtaining useful escape sequences:

       o   As  noted in Special Keys, zsh initializes the $terminfo array with
           the terminal capabilities.

           It also provides a function echoti  which  works  like  tput(1)  to
           convert  a  terminal  capability  with its parameters into a string
           that can be written to the terminal.

       o   Shells lacking a comparable feature (such as bash) can  always  use
           the program tput(1) to do this transformation.

       Hard-coded  escape  sequences  are supported by each shell, but are not
       recommended because  those  rely  upon  particular  configurations  and
       cannot be easily moved between different user environments.

ENVIRONMENT
       Xterm  sets  several  environment  variables.   It also removes certain
       environment  variables  which  are  known  to  interfere   with   other
       applications.   For instance, it removes COLUMNS, LINES, and TERMCAP in
       configurations where those are unnecessary.

   System Independent
       Some variables are used on every system:

       DISPLAY
            is the display name, pointing to the X server (see  DISPLAY  NAMES
            in X(7)).

       TERM
            is  set  according  to the terminfo (or termcap) entry which it is
            using as a reference.

            On some systems, you may  encounter  situations  where  the  shell
            which  you  use and xterm are built using libraries with different
            terminal  databases.   In  that  situation,  xterm  may  choose  a
            terminal description not known to the shell.

       WINDOWID
            is set to the X window id number of the xterm window.

       XTERM_FILTER
            is  set  if a locale-filter is used.  The value is the pathname of
            the filter.

       XTERM_LOCALE
            shows the locale which was used by xterm on startup.   Some  shell
            initialization scripts may set a different locale.

       XTERM_SHELL
            is  set  to the pathname of the program which is invoked.  Usually
            that  is  a  shell  program,  e.g.,  /bin/sh.   Since  it  is  not
            necessarily a shell program however, it is distinct from "SHELL".

       XTERM_VERSION
            is  set  to  the string displayed by the -version option.  That is
            normally an identifier for the X Window libraries  used  to  build
            xterm, followed by xterm's patch number in parenthesis.  The patch
            number  is  also  part  of  the  response  to  a  Secondary Device
            Attributes (DA) control sequence (see Xterm Control Sequences).

   System Dependent
       Depending  on  your  system  configuration,  xterm  may  also  set  the
       following:

       COLUMNS
            the width of the xterm in characters (cf: "stty columns").

            When  this variable is set, curses applications (and most terminal
            programs) will assume that the terminal has this many columns.

            Xterm would do this for systems which have no ability to tell  the
            size  of  the  terminal.  Those are very rare, none newer than the
            mid 1990s when SVR4 became prevalent.

       HOME
            when xterm is configured (at build-time) to update utmp.

       LINES
            the height of the xterm in characters (cf: "stty rows").

            When this variable is set, curses applications (and most  terminal
            programs)  will  assume  that  the  terminal  has  this many lines
            (rows).

            Xterm would do this for systems which have no ability to tell  the
            size  of  the  terminal.  Those are very rare, none newer than the
            mid 1990s when SVR4 became prevalent.

       LOGNAME
            when xterm is configured (at build-time) to update utmp.

            Your configuration may have set LOGNAME;  xterm  does  not  modify
            that.  If it is unset, xterm will use USER if it is set.  Finally,
            if neither is set, xterm will use the getlogin(3) function.

       SHELL
            when  xterm  is  configured (at build-time) to update utmp.  It is
            also set if you  provide  a  valid  shell  name  as  the  optional
            parameter.

            Xterm  sets  this  to  an  absolute pathname.  If you have set the
            variable to a relative pathname, xterm may set it to  a  different
            shell pathname.

            If you have set this to an pathname which does not correspond to a
            valid shell, xterm may unset it, to avoid confusion.

       TERMCAP
            the  contents  of  the  termcap entry corresponding to $TERM, with
            lines and columns values substituted for the  actual  size  window
            you have created.

            This  feature  is,  like  LINES  and  COLUMNS,  used  rarely.   It
            addresses the same limitation of a few older systems by  providing
            a  way  for  termcap-based  applications to get the initial screen
            size.

       TERMINFO
            may be defined to  a  nonstandard  location  using  the  configure
            script.

       XCURSOR_THEME
            See cursorTheme resource.

WINDOW PROPERTIES
       In the output from xprop(1), there are several properties.

   Properties set by X Toolkit
       WM_CLASS
            This  shows  the instance name and the X resource class, passed to
            X Toolkit during initialization of xterm, e.g.,

                WM_CLASS(STRING) = "xterm", "UXTerm"

       WM_CLIENT_LEADER
            This shows the window-id which xterm provides with an  environment
            variable (WINDOWID), e.g.,

                WM_CLIENT_LEADER(WINDOW): window id # 0x800023

       WM_COMMAND
            This  shows  the command-line arguments for xterm which are passed
            to X Toolkit during initialization, e.g.,

                WM_COMMAND(STRING) = { "xterm", "-class", "UXTerm", "-title", "uxterm", "-u8" }

       WM_ICON_NAME
            This holds the icon title, which different window managers  handle
            in   various   ways.    It  is  set  via  the  iconName  resource.
            Applications can change this using control sequences.

       WM_LOCALE_NAME
            This shows the result  from  the  setlocale(3)  function  for  the
            LC_CTYPE category, e.g.,

                WM_LOCALE_NAME(STRING) = "en_US.UTF-8"

       WM_NAME
            This  holds  the  window  title,  normally  at  the top of xterm's
            window.  It is set  via  the  title  resource.   Applications  can
            change this using control sequences.

   Properties set by Xterm
       X Toolkit does not manage EWMH properties.  Xterm does this directly.

       _NET_WM_ICON_NAME
            stores the icon name.

       _NET_WM_NAME
            stores the title string.

       _NET_WM_PID
            stores the process identifier for xterm's display.

   Properties used by Xterm
       _NET_SUPPORTED
            Xterm  checks  this property on the supporting window to decide if
            the window manager supports specific maximizing styles.  That  may
            include other window manager hints; xterm uses the X library calls
            to manage those.

       _NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK
            Xterm  checks  this  to  ensure  that it will only update the EWMH
            properties for a window manager which claims EWMH compliance.

       _NET_WM_STATE
            This tells xterm whether its window  has  been  maximized  by  the
            window manager, and if so, what type of maximizing:

            _NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN

            _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ

            _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT

FILES
       The actual pathnames given may differ on your system.

       /etc/shells
            contains  a  list of valid shell programs, used by xterm to decide
            if the "SHELL" environment variable should be set for the  process
            started by xterm.

            On  systems  which  have the getusershell function, xterm will use
            that function rather than directly reading  the  file,  since  the
            file may not be present if the system uses default settings.

       /var/run/utmp
            the system log file, which records user logins.

       /var/log/wtmp
            the system log file, which records user logins and logouts.

       /etc/X11/app-defaults/XTerm
            the xterm default application resources.

       /etc/X11/app-defaults/XTerm-color
            the  xterm  color application resources.  If your display supports
            color, use this

                *customization: -color

            in your .Xdefaults file to automatically use  this  resource  file
            rather  than  /etc/X11/app-defaults/XTerm.  If you do not do this,
            xterm uses its compiled-in default resource settings for colors.

       /usr/share/pixmaps
            the directory in which xterm's pixmap icon files are installed.

ERROR MESSAGES
       Most of the fatal error messages from xterm use the following format:

           xterm: Error XXX, errno YYY: ZZZ

       The XXX codes (which are used by xterm as  its  exit-code)  are  listed
       below, with a brief explanation.

       1    ERROR_MISC
            miscellaneous errors, usually accompanied by a specific message,

       11   ERROR_FIONBIO
            main: ioctl() failed on FIONBIO

       12   ERROR_F_GETFL
            main: ioctl() failed on F_GETFL

       13   ERROR_F_SETFL
            main: ioctl() failed on F_SETFL

       14   ERROR_OPDEVTTY
            spawn: open() failed on /dev/tty

       15   ERROR_TIOCGETP
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCGETP

       17   ERROR_PTSNAME
            spawn: ptsname() failed

       18   ERROR_OPPTSNAME
            spawn: open() failed on ptsname

       19   ERROR_PTEM
            spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ptem"

       20   ERROR_CONSEM
            spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"consem"

       21   ERROR_LDTERM
            spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ldterm"

       22   ERROR_TTCOMPAT
            spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ttcompat"

       23   ERROR_TIOCSETP
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETP

       24   ERROR_TIOCSETC
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETC

       25   ERROR_TIOCSETD
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETD

       26   ERROR_TIOCSLTC
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSLTC

       27   ERROR_TIOCLSET
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCLSET

       28   ERROR_INIGROUPS
            spawn: initgroups() failed

       29   ERROR_FORK
            spawn: fork() failed

       30   ERROR_EXEC
            spawn: exec() failed

       32   ERROR_PTYS
            get_pty: not enough ptys

       34   ERROR_PTY_EXEC
            waiting for initial map

       35   ERROR_SETUID
            spawn: setuid() failed

       36   ERROR_INIT
            spawn: can't initialize window

       46   ERROR_TIOCKSET
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSET

       47   ERROR_TIOCKSETC
            spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSETC

       49   ERROR_LUMALLOC
            luit: command-line malloc failed

       50   ERROR_SELECT
            in_put: select() failed

       54   ERROR_VINIT
            VTInit: can't initialize window

       57   ERROR_KMMALLOC1
            HandleKeymapChange: malloc failed

       60   ERROR_TSELECT
            Tinput: select() failed

       64   ERROR_TINIT
            TekInit: can't initialize window

       71   ERROR_BMALLOC2
            SaltTextAway: malloc() failed

       80   ERROR_LOGEXEC
            StartLog: exec() failed

       83   ERROR_XERROR
            xerror: XError event

       84   ERROR_XIOERROR
            xioerror: X I/O error

       85   ERROR_ICEERROR
            ICE I/O error

       90   ERROR_SCALLOC
            Alloc: calloc() failed on base

       91   ERROR_SCALLOC2
            Alloc: calloc() failed on rows

       102  ERROR_SAVE_PTR
            ScrnPointers: malloc/realloc() failed

BUGS
       Large  pastes do not work on some systems.  This is not a bug in xterm;
       it is a bug in the pseudo terminal  driver  of  those  systems.   Xterm
       feeds large pastes to the pty only as fast as the pty will accept data,
       but  some  pty  drivers do not return enough information to know if the
       write has succeeded.

       When connected to an input method, it is possible for xterm to hang  if
       the XIM server is suspended or killed.

       Many of the options are not resettable after xterm starts.

       This program still needs to be rewritten.  It should be split into very
       modular  sections, with the various emulators being completely separate
       widgets that do not know about each other.  Ideally, you'd like  to  be
       able  to  pick and choose emulator widgets and stick them into a single
       control widget.

       There needs to be a dialog box to allow entry  of  the  Tek  COPY  file
       name.

AUTHORS
       Far too many people.

       These  contributed  to the X Consortium: Loretta Guarino Reid (DEC-UEG-
       WSL),  Joel  McCormack  (DEC-UEG-WSL),  Terry  Weissman  (DEC-UEG-WSL),
       Edward  Moy  (Berkeley),  Ralph R. Swick (MIT-Athena), Mark Vandevoorde
       (MIT-Athena), Bob McNamara  (DEC-MAD),  Jim  Gettys  (MIT-Athena),  Bob
       Scheifler   (MIT   X  Consortium),  Doug  Mink  (SAO),  Steve  Pitschke
       (Stellar), Ron Newman (MIT-Athena), Jim Fulton (MIT X Consortium), Dave
       Serisky (HP), Jonathan Kamens (MIT-Athena).

       Beginning with XFree86, there were far more identifiable  contributors.
       The THANKS file in xterm's source lists 243 in June 2022.  Keep in mind
       these:  Jason  Bacon,  Jens  Schweikhardt, Ross Combs, Stephen P. Wall,
       David Wexelblat, and Thomas Dickey (invisible-island.net).

SEE ALSO
       resize(1), luit(1), uxterm(1), X(7), Xcursor(7), pty(4), tty(4)

       Xterm Control Sequences (this is the file ctlseqs.ms).

           https://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.html
           https://invisible-island.net/xterm/manpage/xterm.html
           https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html
           https://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.faq.html
           https://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.log.html

       X Toolkit Intrinsics - C Language Interface (Xt),
       Joel McCormack, Paul Asente, Ralph R. Swick (1994),
       Thomas E. Dickey (2019).

       Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual (ICCCM),
       David Rosenthal and Stuart W. Marks (version 2.0, 1994).

       Extended Window Manager Hints (EWMH),
       X Desktop Group (version 1.3, 2005).

       EWMH uses UTF8_STRING pervasively without defining it, but does mention
       the ICCCM.  Version 2.0 of the ICCCM does not address UTF-8.   That  is
       an extension added in XFree86.

       o   Markus Kuhn summarized this in UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux
           (2001), in the section "Is X11 ready for Unicode?"

           https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html

       o   Juliusz  Chroboczek  proposed  the  UTF8_STRING  selection  atom in
           1999/2000, which became part of the ICCCM in XFree86.

           https://www.irif.fr/~jch/software/UTF8_STRING/

           An Xorg developer removed that part of the  documentation  in  2004
           when  incorporating other work from XFree86 into Xorg.  The feature
           is still supported in Xorg, though undocumented as of 2019.

Patch #403                        2025-10-19                          XTERM(1)